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公共危机应对中，政府常运用政策叙事等柔性方式进行社会动员，以助推公众的亲社会行为，但其动员效果和作用机理有待检验与澄清。本研究通过一项2(叙事主体：个体叙事vs集体叙事)×2(叙事情节：高风险情节vs低风险情节)的被试间调查实验(n=426),在突发山火这一危机场景之中开展研究。研究结果发现：第一，公共危机中含有主体与风险情节特征类型的政策叙事能够显著提升公众的亲社会行为意愿；第二，政策叙事中含有低风险情节类型的比含有高风险情节类型的更能提升公众的亲社会行为意愿，而叙事主体聚焦于个体和集体无明显差异；第三，不同类型的政策叙事通过不同途径影响公众的亲社会行为意愿，个体规范和社会信任这两个变量分别在个体叙事组(低风险情节或高风险情节)和集体叙事组(仅低风险情节)中起到中介作用。本研究将叙事性政策框架拓展应用到公共危机社会动员的场景中，为公共危机中政府通过政策叙事提升公众的亲社会行为意愿提供学理依据和实践指导。
Abstract：To effectively respond to public crises, governments often use flexible methods such as policy narratives(i.e., policy stories) to carry out social mobilization and promote pro-social behavior. Based on a review of the literature, this study constructed a theoretical model of policy narratives that promote pro-social behavior during periods of public crises in an attempt to answer the following questions: Can policy narratives play a role in social mobilization and effectively enhance public willingness to act during a public crisis? What is the micro-psychological mechanism that enables the public to make differentiated choices? In addition, during public crises, what type of policy narrative will more effectively mobilize the public to participate in voluntary services? In this study, a survey experiment(n=426) was conducted to explore the role of and mechanisms behind policy narratives to promote pro-social behavior. Using a 2(narrative subject: individual narrative vs collective narrative)×2(narrative plot: high-risk plot vs low-risk plot) between-subject design, two mediating variables, personal norms and social trust, were introduced to further understand the mechanism behind such actions. The results show that(1) policy narratives that contain the role and risk plots can significantly enhance the public's willingness to engage in pro-social behavior,(2) policy narratives that contain low-risk plots are more effective than those that contain high-risk plots in promoting the public's willingness to engage in pro-social behavior, and(3) there is no significant difference whether the subject of the narrative focuses on the individual or on the collective. The interaction effect between the subject of the policy narrative and the risk plot is also not significant. Finally, the study finds that(4) different types of policy narratives affect pro-social behavior by the public in different ways individual norms and social trust play mediating roles respectively in the individual narrative group(low-risk or high-risk plot) and the collective narrative group(low-risk scenarios only). This study provides a theoretical framework and model of the mechanism that can promote voluntary public mobilization through policy narratives in times of crisis and offers a basis for policy practices to promote pro-social behavior during such times. In terms of the innovation in this research, this study employs a narrative policy framework to structure social mobilization, a common practice with Chinese characteristics, and uses experimental methods to carry out empirical tests, thus expanding the application scenarios of policy narratives to use in risk communications. It also provides some insights into a subsequent expansion of policy narrative theory to disaster research. In terms of research limitations, the study does not discuss other narratives. Furthermore, the diversity of prosocial behavior during periods of complex crises has yet to be explored. Future research can focus on different types of public crises, policy narratives at different stages, or different levels of prosocial behavior to enrich our understanding of this issue.
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(1)通过设置默认选项以提升人们选择该选项可能性的助推方法,背后蕴含的是“不反对就是支持”的理念。
(2)德国社会学家齐美尔曾提出“信任理论”,他将社会信任分为人格信任和系统信任。人格信任是人与人之间的信任,是一个人对邻居、官员、合作伙伴、陌生人的信任。系统信任是人与系统之间的信任,是一个人对政府组织、民间团体、媒体、城市系统的信任。
基本信息:
中图分类号:D035
引用信息:
[1]郑桂贤,欧昊麟,钟爽.公共危机中政策叙事如何助推亲社会行为——一项调查实验[J].公共管理评论,2024,6(01):88-116.
基金信息:
国家自然科学基金面上项目“基于灾难弹性理论的医院应急能力评估与救援效率拟合研究”(项目批准号:20171300041030009)资助
2024-01-26
2024-01-26
2024-01-26