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随着灵活就业的发展，该群体的养老保障问题日益凸显，但现有养老保险政策的覆盖广度与保障效果均不尽如人意。本研究立足行为公共政策视角，探讨助推策略对提升灵活就业人员基本养老保险参保意愿的有效性及作用机制。研究采用2×2×2组间情境实验设计，考察养老保险重要性认知、政策理解度对参保意愿的影响，构建多元化政策情境并呈现实验材料，检验默认选项、流程简化和描述性规范等助推工具的作用机制。结果发现：(1)养老保险重要性认知、政策理解度与参保意愿间存在显著正向关系，且政策理解度发挥中介作用；(2)默认选项感知度和流程复杂度对基准中介模型产生调节作用，而描述性规范感知度的调节作用不显著；(3)默认选项感知度与流程复杂度交互项的协同效应主要作用于参保意愿认知加工的前端环节。本研究验证了助推策略在提升灵活就业人员参保意愿方面的有效性，为优化相关政策提供了实证依据，并建议政策制定者考虑不同群体的社会经济变量差异，设计个性化助推策略以提高不同群体的参保意愿。
Abstract：As China's economic structure transforms and employment patterns diversify, the flexible employment population has expanded to approximately 200 million, accounting for over 40% of the total urban employment. However, this group faces significantly lower pension insurance participation rates due to income instability, insufficient confidence in insurance benefits, and lack of organizational support. Drawing on behavioral public policy theory, this study investigates the effectiveness and mechanisms of nudge strategies in enhancing flexible workers' willingness to participate in basic pension insurance.An analytical framework is constructed with perceived importance of pension insurance as the independent variable, policy comprehension as the mediator, and participation willingness as the dependent variable, with three nudge strategies—default options, procedural simplification, and descriptive norms—as moderators. A 2×2×2 between-subjects scenario experiment was conducted from June to August 2024, collecting 742 valid responses from flexible workers across 15 provinces in China. Participants were randomly assigned to eight experimental conditions and exposed to simulated pension policy materials. A pre-post test design measured changes in participation willingness on five-point Likert scales, with manipulation checks confirming all three experimental manipulations were effective.The findings reveal several key results. First, perceived importance significantly and positively predicts participation willingness. Second, policy comprehension mediates this relationship, though the mediation effect accounts for only 3.9% of the total effect, suggesting a “dual-pathway” model: a dominant intuitive pathway where importance recognition directly drives participation willingness, and a weaker rational pathway mediated by policy comprehension. Third, default options exhibit complex moderation-positively moderating the direct path from perceived importance to participation willingness, yet negatively moderating the path from policy comprehension to participation willingness, suggesting a “cognitive offloading” mechanism. Fourth, procedural simplification moderates only the direct path, functioning as a “cognitive tax” reducer. Fifth, descriptive norms fail to produce significant moderating effects, attributable to the lack of observable peer behavior and absence of stable reference networks among flexible workers. Sixth, the interaction between default options and procedural simplification produces a synergistic effect at the cognitive transformation stage(perceived importance-policy comprehension), indicating that combined nudges optimize cognitive resource allocation in early decision-making phases.Theoretically, this study extends nudge theory to non-standard employment social security, revealing that flexible workers' decisions are primarily attitude-driven rather than knowledge-driven. Practically, policymakers should prioritize enhancing recognition of pension insurance's long-term value while combining default enrollment with streamlined procedures to reduce cognitive barriers. Future research should employ multi-item scales, explore heterogeneity across employment subtypes, and investigate optimal nudge-traditional policy combinations.
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基本信息:
中图分类号:F842.67;F249.2
引用信息:
[1]潘文浩,张强,韩莹莹.灵活就业人员养老保险参保意愿提升的行为助推策略研究[J].公共管理评论,2026,8(02):173-201.
基金信息:
教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目“人民政协与国家治理体系研究”(项目批准号:19JZD026); 贵州中医药大学博士启动基金“政策助推提升灵活就业人员养老保险参保意愿的机制与路径研究”(项目批准号：贵中医博士启动[2026]16号); 华南理工大学中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金“乡村数字治理参与机制优化研究”(项目批准号:CGPY202407); 华南师范大学哲学社会科学重大培育项目“我国乡村产业振兴财政扶持政策绩效产出、共同富裕效应及优化路径研究”(项目批准号:ZDPY2406)的资助
2026-04-22
2026-04-22
2026-04-22