社会政策和移民政策的互补性:一个对2015年欧洲难民危机的政治经济学解释Complementarity Between Social Policy and Immigration Policy:A Political Economy Explanation of the European Refugee Crisis
蒙克
摘要(Abstract)：
2015年由中东动荡形势所弓发的欧洲难民危机,其深层原因只有在欧洲福利国家和全球化条件下国际移民之间长期互动和矛盾的背景下才能得到理解。本文通过回顾关于国际移民对福利国家影响的历史和理论文献,建立一个关于社会政策和移民政策之间互补和互动的政治经济学分析框架,将移民政策视为广义福利国家的重要组成部分,指出造成欧洲难民危机的重要原因之一,就是欧洲各协调型市场经济国家采取的"福利国际主义+限制性移民政策"的政策组合,其一方面通过给予外国公民高额福利吸引了海外难民的到来;另一方面却又凭借严苛的移民筛选机制将大部分申请者拒之门外。前者激起欧洲各国国内反移民力量的强烈反对,后者又引发了国际舆论对欧洲处理难民问题的道德指责,欧洲各国政府由此陷入内外交困的矛盾境地。避免类似难民危机的再次发生,长期来看只能通过改革针对国际移民的吸纳和福利体制,但这一改革却注定会因为社会政策和移民政策两个领域之间强烈的互补性而困难重重。
关键词(KeyWords)： 洲难民危机;全球化;国际移民;社会政策;移民政策
基金项目(Foundation):
作者(Author): 蒙克
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- ①该数据来自于Eurostat,摘自The Economist官方网站http://www.economist,com/blogs/graphicdetail/2015/09/daily-chart.