麦克尔·巴泽雷

• 1:伦敦政治经济学院

摘要(Abstract)：

<正>笔者非常欣喜两位中国的公共行政青年学者易丽丽和梅赐琪主动提议在《公共管理评论》这本中文期刊中组织和编辑一期关于我的最新英文著作的研讨专栏。他们的倡议为中国的公共行政学者们提供了一个可用于探究他们所在研究领域的一些根本问题的资源。这些根本问题包括:公共行政是艺术、科学还是职业(Lynn,

关键词(KeyWords)：

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation):

作者(Author): 麦克尔·巴泽雷

参考文献(References)：

• Ariew A,Perlman M. 2002. Introduction[M]//Ariew A,Cummins R,Perlman M. Functions:New Essays in the Philosophy of Psychology and Biology. Oxford,UK:Oxford University Press,1-5.
• Bardach E. 2004. Presidential address—The extrapolation problem:How can we learn from the experience of others?[J]. Journal of Policy Analysis and Management,23(2):205-220.
• Barzelay M. 1999. How to argue about the new public management[J]. International Public Management Journal,2(2):183-216.
• Barzelay M. 2007. Learning from second-hand experience:Methodology for extrapolationoriented case research[J]. Governance,20(3):521-543.
• Barzelay M,Thompson F. 2010. Back to the future:Making public administration a design science[J]. Public Administration Review,70(S1):S295-S297.
• Barzelay M. 2012. The study of public management:Reference points for a design science approach[M]//Tria G,Valotti G. Reforming the Public Sector:How to Achieve Better Transparency,Service,and Leadership. Washington,DC:Brookings Institution Press,219-239.
• Barzelay M. 2019. Public management as a design-oriented professional discipline[M].Cheltenham,UK:Edward Elgar.
• Bryson J M. 2018. Strategic planning for public and nonprofit organizations:A guide to strengthening and sustaining organizational achievement[M]. 5th ed. Hoboken, NJ:Wiley.
• Craver C F,Darden L. 2013. In search of mechanisms:Discoveries across the life sciences[M].Chicago,IL:University of Chicago Press.
• Cross N. 2008. Engineering design methods:Strategies for product design[M]. 4th ed.Chichester,UK:Wiley.
• Dewey J. 1922. Human nature and conduct:An introduction to social psychology[M]. New York:Henry Holt&Co.
• Dym C L. 1994. Engineering design:A synthesis of views[M]. Cambridge,UK:Cambridge University Press.
• Fauconnier G,Turner M. 2002. The way we think:Conceptual blending and the mind’s hidden complexities[M]. New York:Basic Books.
• Fayol H. 1984. General and industrial management[M]. Revised by Irwin Gray. New York:The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers.
• Flyvbjerg B. 2006. Five misunderstandings about case-study research[J]. Qualitative Inquiry,12(2):219-245.
• George B. 2020. Revisiting public management as a design science[J]. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory,30(3):524-526.
• Heath C,Heath D. 2008. Made to stick:Why some ideas take hold and others come unstuck[M]. London,UK:Random House/Arrow Books.
• Hevner A R,March S T,Park J,et al. 2004. Design science in information systems research[J]. MIS Quarterly,28(1):75-105.
• Hsieh J Y. 2019. The shape of public governance in Taiwan:Penetrating the boundary between Public Management and Public Policy[J]. Chinese Public Administration Review,10(1):7-11.
• Jonsen A R,Toulmin S. 1988. The abuse of casuistry:A history of moral reasoning[M].Berkeley,CA:University of California Press.
• Lakoff G. 1987. Women,fire,and dangerous things:What categories reveal about the mind[M]. Chicago,IL:The University of Chicago Press.
• Lawson B. 2012. What designers know[M]. London:Routledge.
• Lindblom C E. 1990. Inquiry and change:The troubled attempt to understand and shape society[M]. New Haven,CT:Yale University Press.
• Lynn L E Jr. 1996. Public management as art,science,and profession[M]. Chatham,NJ:Chatham House.
• Minsky M. 1997. A framework for representing knowledge[M]//Haugeland J. Mind Design II:Philosophy, Psychology, and Artificial Intelligence. Cambridge, MA:MIT Press,111-142.
• Moore M H. 1995. Creating public value:Strategic management in government[M].Cambridge,MA:Harvard University Press.
• Morgan M S,Morrison M. 1999.Models as mediators:Perspectives on natural and social science[M]. Cambridge,UK:Cambridge University Press.
• Murphy G L. 2002. The big book of concepts[M]. Cambridge,MA:MIT Press.
• Shangraw R F Jr,Crow M M,Overman E S. 1989. Public administration as a design science[J]. Public Administration Review,49(2):153-160.
• Simon H A. 1996. The sciences of the artificial[M]. 3d ed. Cambridge,MA:MIT Press.
• Tilly C. 2006. Why? What happens when people give reasons and why[M]. Princeton,NJ:Princeton University Press.
• Van Aken J E. 2004. Management research based on the paradigm of the design sciences:The quest for field-tested and grounded technological rules[J]. Journal of Management Studies,41(2):219-246.
• Van Aken J E,Berends H. 2018. Problem solving in organizations:A methodological handbook for business and management students[M]. 3rd ed. Cambridge,UK:Cambridge University Press.
• White R M. 2010. Talking about god:The concept of analogy and the problem of religious language[M]. Farnham,UK:Ashgate.
• Wilson J Q. 1989. Bureaucracy:What government agencies do,and why they do it[M]. New York,NY:Basic Books.
• Wright B E. 2011. Public administration as an interdisciplinary field:Assessing its relationship with the fields of law,management,and political science[J]. Public Administration Review,71(1):96-101.
• (1)对此，一个更恰当的术语是“目的性理论构建”(purposive theorizing)(Barzelay,2019)。
• (1)这些原则的完整清单是“简要”(simple)、“出人意表”(unexpected)、“具体”(concrete)、“可信”(credible)、“情感”(emotional)和“故事”(stories)，它们的首字母缩写为“成功”(SUCCESs)(Heath and Heath,2008)。
• (2)“猜想游戏”的形式正式利用了Heath和Heath所提出的“出人意表”这一项原则。而相应的回答则使用了“简要”和“可信”原则。这场“表演”(show)的设计先例是Flyvbjerg(2006)。
• (3)Hsieh(2019)就是这样一个例子。
• (1)基于过去60余年的语言科学研究，扩展这一观点即公共管理学和公共行政学甚至都不是类别(categories)，更不用说相互排斥了。在语言学的研究中，具体而言，与之相关的主题是框架语义学(frame-semantics)。
• (1)这本书有诸多版本，但我认为最有益的是法约尔(1984)的。
• (1)伯特·乔治的书评率先以英文出现(George,2020)。
• (1)Lynn(1996)提出了这种担忧，并致力于解决它。我在本书的第8章对此进行了强调。
• (2)在第1章中，我说过，公共管理与任何以设计为导向的专业学科一样，都是通过功能网络(a network of functions)来实现其功能意图的。其中两个功能是(通过对专业从业者的教育)“获得专业知识”和(通过研究)“扩展专业知识”。
• (1)复杂对照的理念指的是一边涉及(a)与(b)之间的关系，另一边涉及(c)与(d)之间的关系。这个理念是由亚里士多德提出的(White,2010)。
• (1)The full list of principles is Simple,Unexpected,Concrete,Credible,Emotional,and Stories,for which the acronym is“SUCCESs”(Heath&Heath,2008).
• (2)The“guessing game”format makes use of Heath and Heath’s Unexpected principle. The responses make use of the Simple and Credible principles. The design-precedent for this“show”is Flyvbjerg(2006).
• (1)An indication of this is Hsieh(2019).
• (2)An extension of this view,drawing on the scientific study of language over the past 60 or more years,is that public management and public administration are not even categories,let alone mutually exclusive ones. The specifically relevant topic within this study of language is frame-semantics.
• (1)There are many editions of this book,but the one I have found to be the most useful is Fayol(1984).
• (1)As footnoted earlier,the book review first appeared in English(George,2020).
• (1)This concern was raised and pursued vigorously in Lynn(1996),and I have amplified it in my book in Chapter 8.
• (2)In Chapter 1,I say that public management,like any design-oriented professional discipline,achieves its functional-intent via the performance of a network of functions,two of which are “acquiring professional knowledge”(through education of professional practitioners)and “expanding professional knowledge”(through research).
• (3)The idea of a complex analogy as that involving a relation between(a)and(b),on the one hand,and(c)and(d),on the other,is due to Aristotle(White,2010).