方波,徐建华

• 1:北京大学环境科学与工程学院环境管理系

摘要(Abstract)：

在与环境、健康与安全有关的风险治理领域,通过政策规制目标风险的同时,往往会增加或者产生次生风险,从而导致"规制已有风险又带来新风险"的政策现象。本文重点总结这种现象的成因和解决之道。该现象在政策制定体系中的成因可被总结为:①个体(包括政策制定者和政策对象)对风险的认知存在偏差,或者受到固有的思维方式的影响,从而高估或者低估某些风险;②政策制定机构因为部门分工、职责权限细化等原因,对风险较难进行综合分析;③政策制定过程中,部分利益相关方的声音未得到表达以及"灭火式"的政策制定,都会导致部分风险被忽略。解决之道之一为引入风险权衡分析,全面衡量目标风险和次生风险,从而完善环境、健康与安全领域的风险决策,使得所制定的政策能够在整体上降低风险,从而在用于风险治理的资源有限的前提下提高社会资源的合理配置。

关键词(KeyWords)： 风险权衡分析;风险治理;环境、健康与安全风险

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation):

作者(Author): 方波,徐建华

参考文献(References)：

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