“行为人”视角下的避责逻辑与协同治理——一项情景实验Blame Avoidance Motivation and Collaborative Governance from the Perspective of Behavioral Public Administration:A Vignette Experiment based on Hazardous Chemicals Management
吴金兴,祝哲
摘要(Abstract):
在“理性人”视角下,协同治理是基层政府实现有效治理并降低问责风险的重要手段。然而,实践中有着较强避责逻辑的基层官员却并非总会选择协同治理以规避问责。对这一与理论相悖现象的解释有助于理解基层政府开展协同治理的决策过程。本研究从“行为人”视角构建分析框架,根据M湾区危化品监管实践设计情景实验以搜集决策过程数据。通过对589名口岸监管部门基层官员的实验数据进行分析发现:基层官员的避责逻辑与其协同治理行为负相关,并且心理压力在其中起到负向中介作用;问责风险与协同治理行为呈现倒U形关系。研究结论可以为完善行政问责制度、提升基层官员的协同治理行为提供政策启示。
关键词(KeyWords): 协同治理;避责逻辑;问责;行为公共管理;危化品监管
基金项目(Foundation): 国家自然科学基金青年项目“双系统视角下突发公共卫生事件公众风险感知及应对行为演化研究”(项目批准号:72004078);; 广东省自然科学基金区域联合基金—青年基金项目“‘卓越公共关系理论’视角下突发公共卫生事件中政府危机沟通策略研究”(项目批准号:2020A1515111157);; 广州市社科规划羊城青年学人课题“时代广州公共安全应急框架体系研究——政策信息学背景下风险政策叙事的效果评估和体系优化”(项目批准号:2023GZQN24)资助
作者(Author): 吴金兴,祝哲
参考文献(References):
- 包元杰,李超平.2016.公共服务动机的测量:理论结构与量表修订[J].中国人力资源开发,(7):83-91.Bao Y J,Li C P.2016.Measuring public service motivation:Theoretical structure and scale revision[J].Human Resources Development of China,(7):83-91.(in Chinese)
- 崔晶.2022.基层治理中的政策“适应性执行”---基于Y区和H镇的案例分析[J].公共管理学报,(1):52-62.Cui J.2022.The adaptive implementation of policy in local governance:Case studies on district and H town[J].Journal of Public Management,(1):52-62.(in Chinese)
- 邓崧.2020.差异与互适:行为公共管理的演进脉络[J].广州大学学报(社会科学版),19(6):118-125.Deng S.2020.Difference and adaptation:The evolution of behavioral public management[J].Journal of Guangzhou University(Social Science Edition),19(6):118-125.(in Chinese)
- 高楠,梁平汉,何青.2019.过度自信、风险偏好和资产配置---来自中国城镇家庭的经验证据[J].经济学(季刊),18(3):1081-1100.Gao N,Liang P H,Hen Q.2019.Over confidence,risk preference and portfolio choice-An empirical evidence from Chinese urban households[J].China Economic Quarterly,18(3):1081-1100.(in Chinese)
- 谷志军,陈科霖.2019.责任政治中的问责与避责互动逻辑研究[J].中国行政管理,(6):82-86.Gu Z J,Chen K L.2019.Research on the interaction logic of accountability and blame avoidance in responsible politics[J].Chinese Public Administration,(6):82-86.(in Chinese)
- 何燕,余林,闫志民,等.2015.认知储备的测量及其在认知老化中的应用[J].心理科学进展,23(3):430-438.He Y,Yu L,Yan Z M,et al.2015.Quantification of cognitive reserve and application research in cognitive aging[J].Advances in Psychological Science,23(3):430-438.(in Chinese)
- 胡鞍钢,杭承政.2018.论建立“以人民为中心”的治理模式---基于行为科学的视角[J].中国行政管理,(1):13-17.Hu A G,Hang C Z.2018.Promoting China's state governance modernization:From perspective of behavioral science and meticulous governance[J].Chinese Public Administration,(1):13-17.(in Chinese)
- 黄志华,闫巩固,王天乐.2011.经验决策:概念、研究和展望[J].心理科学进展,19(12):1814-1821.Huang Z H,Yan G G,Wang T L.2011.Decisions from experience:Concept,researches and prospect[J].Advances in Psychological Science,19(12):1814-1821.(in Chinese)
- 李晓飞.2019.行政发包制下的府际联合避责:生成、类型与防治[J].中国行政管理,(10):94-100.Li X F.2019.Coalition blame avoidance among local governments under administrative subcontract:Generation,type and prevention[J].Chinese Public Administration,(10):94-100.(in Chinese)
- 刘滨,许玉镇.2021.权责失衡与剩余权配置:基层减负进程中的“问责悖论”[J].求实,(3):19-35.Liu B,Xu Y Z.2021.Imbalance between rights and responsibilities and the allocation of residual rights:“Accountability paradox”in the process of reducing burdens on community-level government[J].Truth Seeking,(3):19-35.(in Chinese)
- 刘建民,李海垒,张文新.2016.行为决策中的描述-经验差距:信息加工角度的解释[J].心理科学进展,24(10):1623-1635.Liu J M,Li H L,Zhang W X.2016.The description-experience gap in behavioral decision making:Interpretations of information processing[J].Advances in Psychological Science,24(10):1623-1635.(in Chinese)
- 吕小康,武迪,隋晓阳,等.2018.从“理性人”到“行为人”:公共政策研究的行为科学转向[J].心理科学进展,26(12):2249-2259.LüX K,Wu D,Sui X Y,et al.2018.From rational man to behavioral man:The behavioral turn of public policy[J].Advances in Psychological Science,26(12):2249-2259.(in Chinese)
- 梅赐琪,刘志林.2012.行政问责与政策行为从众:“十一五”节能目标实施进度地区间差异考察[J].中国人口·资源与环境,22(12):127-134.Mei C Q,Liu Z L.2012.Administrative accountability and bandwagoning in policy implementation:Regional variations in energy saving policy implementation,2006-2009[J].China Population,Resources and Environment,22(12):127-134.(in Chinese)
- 倪星,王锐.2017.从邀功到避责:基层政府官员行为变化研究[J].政治学研究,(2):42-51.Ni X,Wang R.2017.From credit claiming to blame avoidance:The change of government officials'behavior[J].CASS Journal of Political Science,(2):42-51.
- 倪星,王锐.2018.权责分立与基层避责:一种理论解释[J].中国社会科学,(5):116-135.Ni X,Wang R.2018.The separation of powers and responsibilities and avoidance of responsibility at the grass-roots level:A theoretical explanation[J].Social Sciences in China,(5):116-135.(in Chinese)
- 彭宗超,祝哲.2018.危机决策者避责策略的四种模式及关键影响因素分析[J].上海行政学院学报,19(4):93-101.Peng Z C,Zhu Z.2018.Leader's four blame avoidance strategies in crises and key factors analysis[J].The Journal of Shanghai Administration Institute,19(4):93-101.(in Chinese)
- 覃冬,李超平.2020.组织行为学情景实验研究综述与展望[J].管理现代化,40(2):71-75.Qin D,Li C P.2020.Review and prospect of vignette experiment in organizational behavior research[J].Modernization of Management,40(2):71-75.(in Chinese)
- 盛明科,陈廷栋.2019.基层官员避责行为:逻辑·危害·治理---一种组织行为学的观点[J].吉首大学学报(社会科学版),40(5):39-47.Sheng M K,Chen T D.2019.An exploration into the logic,harm,and governance of grass-roots officials'avoidance of responsibility[J].Journal of Jishou University(Social Sciences),40(5):39-47.(in Chinese)
- 陶鹏,童星.2016.分权、争功与避责:简政放权改革风险的生成及消减[J].中国高校社会科学,(2):89-98.Tao P,Tong X.2016.Decentralize,power struggle and avoid responsibility:Generation and mitigation of the risk of decentralization reform[J].Social Sciences in Chinese Higher Education Institutions,(2):89-98.(in Chinese)
- 田代洪.2020.“不作为”避责的生成及治理[J].人民论坛,(6):68-69.Tian D H.2020.The generation and management of“Omission”to avoid responsibility[J].People's Tribune,(6):68-69.(in Chinese)
- 田先红.2022.问责-避责关系新解:基于“行动-制度-环境”框架[J].华中农业大学学报(社会科学版),(5):38-48.Tian X H.2022.A new explanation of relationship between accountability and blame avoidance:Based on the framework of“Action-Institution-Environment”[J].Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University(Social Sciences Edition),(5):38-48.(in Chinese)
- 王光荣,朱凡钰.2013.情绪、性别和方案数量对危机决策的影响[J].心理科学,36(1):188-193.Wang G R,Zhu F Y.2013.The effects of emotion,gender and number of programs on crisis decision-making[J].Journal of Psychological Science,36(1):188-193.(in Chinese)
- 王济川,谢海义,姜宝法.2008.多层统计分析模型:方法与应用[M].北京:高等教育出版社.Wang J C,Xie H Y,Jiang B F.2008.Multi-level statistical analysis models:Methods and applications[M].Beijing:Higher Education Press.(in Chinese)
- 温忠麟,叶宝娟.2014.中介效应分析:方法和模型发展[J].心理科学进展,22(5):731-745.Wen Z L,Ye B J.2014.Analyses of mediating effects:The development of methods and models[J].Advances in Psychological Science,22(5):731-745.(in Chinese)
- 邢振江.2018.价值理性视角下我国特大安全事故行政问责探究[J].中国行政管理,(1):127-132.Xing Z J.2018.A study of the administrative accountability for extraordinary safety accidents from the perspective of value rationality[J].Chinese Public Administration,(1):127-132.(in Chinese)
- 杨继平,郑建君.2009.情绪对危机决策质量的影响[J].心理学报,41(6):481-491.Yang J P,Zheng J J.2009.The effect of emotion on the quality of crisis decision-making[J].Acta Psychologica Sinica,41(6):481-491.(in Chinese)
- 叶娟丽,周泽龙.2022.责任分立与责任超载:县域治理视角下乡镇避责的生成逻辑[J].行政论坛,29(4):91-98.Ye J L,Zhou Z L.2022.Separation and overloading of responsibilities:The generation logic of blame avoidance in townships from the perspective of county governance[J].Administrative Tribune,29(4):91-98.(in Chinese)
- 尹利民,田雪森.2021.“责任兜底”:基层政府的避责行为与逻辑---基于J县精准扶贫实践的经验分析[J].南昌大学学报(人文社会科学版),52(3):63-71.Yin L M,Tian X S.2021.Fulfill responsibility entirely:The behavior and logic of the responsibility-avoidance strategy of the grass-roots government-Based on a case of Jcounty[J].Journal of Nanchang University(Humanities and Social Sciences),52(3):63-71.(in Chinese)
- 张磊.2021.地方官员“避责生存赛”的根源与治理路径[J].领导科学,(5):18-21.Zhang L.2021.The root of local officials'“Survival Game to Avoid Responsibility”and the governance path[J].Leadership Science,(5):18-21.(in Chinese)
- 张书维,李纾.2018.行为公共管理学探新:内容、方法与趋势[J].公共行政评论,11(1):7-36.Zhang S W,Li S.2018.Exploring behavioral public administration:Content,method and trend[J].Journal of Public Administration,11(1):7-36.(in Chinese)
- 张书维,郭晟豪.2021.行为公共管理研究中的公共组织行为问题:最新代表性研究及探讨[J].公共管理评论,3(3):160-184.Zhang S W,Guo S H.2021.Research on public organizational behavior in the field of behavioral public administration[J].China Public Administration Review,3(3):160-184.(in Chinese)
- Aguinis H,Bradley K J.2014.Best practice recommendations for designing and implementing experimental vignette methodology studies[J].Organizational Research Methods,17(4):351-371.
- Ansell C,Gash A.2008.Collaborative governance in theory and practice[J].Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory,18(4):543-571.
- Battaglio R P,BelléN,Cantarelli P.2022.Self-determination theory goes public:Experimental evidence on the causal relationship between psychological needs and job satisfaction[J].Public Management Review,24(9):1411-1428.
- Bell D E.1982.Regret in decision making under uncertainty[J].Operations Research,30(5):961-981.
- Brinkerhoff J M.2002.Partnership for international development:Rhetoric or results?[M].Boulder:Lynne Rienner Publishers.
- Crawford S E S,Ostrom E.1995.A grammar of institutions[J].American Political Science Review,89(3):582-600.
- Dasgupta A,Kapur D.2020.The political economy of bureaucratic overload:Evidence from rural development officials in India[J].American Political Science Review,114(4):1316-1334.
- Dolan J,Kropf J S.2004.Credit claiming from the U.S.house:Gendered communication styles?[J].The International Journal of Press/Politics,9(1):41-59.
- Emerson K,Nabatchi T.2015.Collaborative governance regimes[M].Washington:Georgetown University Press.
- Evans I E M,Martyr A,Collins R,et al.2019.Social isolation and cognitive function in later life:A systematic review and meta-analysis[J].Journal of Alzheimer's Disease,70(S1):S119-S144.
- Golman R,Hagmann D,Loewenstein G.2017.Information avoidance[J].Journal of Economic Literature,55(1):96-135.
- Grimmelikhuijsen S,Jilke S,Olsen A L,et al.2017.Behavioral public administration:Combining insights from public administration and psychology[J].Public Administration Review,77(1):45-56
- Hinterleitner M.2017.Reconciling perspectives on blame avoidance behaviour[J].Political Studies Review,15(2):243-254.
- Hood C,Jennings W,Copeland P.2016.Blame avoidance in comparative perspective:Reactivity,staged retreat and efficacy[J].Public Administration,94(2):542-562.
- Kickul J,Gundry L K,Barbosa S D,et al.2009.Intuition versus analysis?Testing differential models of cognitive style on entrepreneurial self-efficacy and the new venture creation process[J].Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice,33(2):439-453.
- Kinston W,Rosser R.1974.Disaster:Effects on mental and physical state[J].Journal of Psychosomatic Research,18(6):437-456.
- Krimsky S,Golding D.1992.Social theories of risk[M].London:Greenwood Press.
- Loewenstein G F.1988.Frames of mind in intertemporal choice[J].Management Science,34(2):200-2014.
- Loomes G,Sugden R.1982.Regret theory:An alternative theory of rational choice under uncertainty[J].The Economic Journal,92(368):805-824.
- Nazir S,Colombo S,Manca D.2012.The role of situation awareness for the operators of process industry[J].Chemical Engineering Transactions,26:303-308.
- Pacini R,Epstein S.1999.The relation of rational and experiential information processing styles to personality,basic beliefs,and the ratio-bias phenomenon[J].Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,76(6):972-987.
- Rabe-Hesketh S,Skrondal A.2008.Multilevel and longitudinal modeling using stata[M].2nd ed.College Station,TX:STATA Press.
- Reilly T.1998.Communities in conflict:Resolving differences through collaborative efforts in environmental planning and human service delivery[J].Journal of Sociology and Social Welfare,25(3):115-142.
- Rossi P H,Sampson W A,Bose C E,et al.1974.Measuring household social standing[J].Social Science Research,3(3):169-190.
- Simon H A.1955.A behavioral model of rational choice[J].Quarterly Journal of Economics,69(1):99-118.
- Simon H A.1986.Rationality in psychology and economics[J].The Journal of Business,59(4):S209-S224.
- Steiner P M,Atzmüller C,Su D.2016.Designing valid and reliable vignette experiments for survey research:A case study on the fair gender income gap[J].Journal of Methods and Measurement in the Social Sciences,7(2):52-94.
- Stoker G.1998.Governance as theory:Five propositions[J].International Social Science Journal,50(155):17-28.
- Sunstein C R.2016.The ethics of influence:Government in the age of behavioral science[M].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.
- Taylor J.2007.The impact of public service motives on work outcomes in Australia:Acomparative multi-dimensional analysis[J].Public Administration,85(4):931-959.
- Weaver R K.1986.The politics of blame avoidance[J].Journal of Public Policy,6(4):371-398.
- Williamson O E.1996.The mechanisms of governance[M].New York:Oxford University Press.
- Yamagishi K.1997.When a 12.86%mortality is more dangerous than 24.14%:Implications for risk communication[J].Applied Cognitive Psychology,11(6):495-506.