“控权”与“让权”:数字化治理场景中的政府纵向权力互动Between Centralization and Delegation: Vertical Intergovernmental Power Interaction in Digital Governance Scenarios
赵紫涵,何里程
摘要(Abstract):
技术在组织权力关系中的运用,是政府数字化治理的核心机制。然而,既有研究多囿于“结构-功能”框架下的静态分析,未能充分揭示技术嵌入组织权力互动的动态过程。本研究以“权力动员”与“技术集成”为分类维度,将城市运行的数字化场景划分为“权威统合型”“分级部署型”“局部试验型”与“自治共建型”四种类型,并据此考察上下级政府在数字空间中的权力运作逻辑。研究发现,上下级政府呈现出“控权”与“让权”双重张力。高层级政府的“控权”集中于超域治理、风险治理与行为监督等关键环节,同时下放初步处置权,实现策略性“让权”,并在必要时通过灵活接管确保整体统筹。基层政府则依托属地信息优势在有限空间内实施“控权”,同时以系统建设层面的“让权”换取合法性背书。二者以场景应用为纽带,形成动态嵌套的弹性治理格局。本研究为理解城市政府数字化转型中的权力运行机制提供了新的理论透镜。
关键词(KeyWords): 权力互动;应用场景;数字政府;城市治理;政府纵向间关系
基金项目(Foundation): 国家社会科学基金一般项目“‘齐抓共管’情境下多部门‘政策合成谬误’的生成逻辑与改进研究”(项目批准号:24BGL233)的资助
作者(Author): 赵紫涵,何里程
参考文献(References):
- 曹正汉.2011.中国上下分治的治理体制及其稳定机制[J].社会学研究,25(1):1-40,243.Cao Z H.2011.The vertically decentralized authoritarianism and the mechanisms of political stability in China[J].Sociological Studies,25(1):1-40,243.(in Chinese) 崔晶.2025.在紧密与松散之间:中国基层政策执行的深层逻辑[J].行政论坛,32(1):77-88.Cui J.2025.Between tight and loose coupling:The deep logic of grassroots policy implementation in China[J].Administrative Tribune,32(1):77-88.(in Chinese) 方洁.2023.化入场景的治理:城市、数字化与立法[J].浙江学刊,(5):12-23.Fang J.2023.Scenario-based governance:City digitalization and legislation[J].Zhejiang Academic Journal,(5):12-23.(in Chinese) 黄飚.2024.“精准定责”:数字治理语境下纵向政府间关系的新可能[J].政治学研究,(3):76-93,243.Huang B.2024.“Precise responsibility assignment”:A new possibility for vertical intergovernmental relation in the context of digital governance[J].CASS Journal of Political Science,(3):76-93,243.(in Chinese) 贾秀飞,王芳.2021.复合场景与多维变革:技术嵌入城市治理的逻辑分析[J].求实,(1):32-45,110.Jia X F,Wang F.2021.Composite scenario and multidimensional change:Logical analysis of technology embedded in urban governance[J].Truth Seeking,(1):32-45,110.(in Chinese) 简·E.芳汀.2010.构建虚拟政府:信息技术与制度创新[M].邵国松,译.北京:中国人民大学出版社:79-89.Fountain J E.2010.Building the virtual state:Information technology and institutional change[M].Shao G S,trans.Beijing:China Renmin University Press:79-89.(trans.into Chinese) 李慧慧,邢羿飞.2025.组合演化:政务服务数字化转型中的“技术-组织”互动机制---基于深圳“民意速办”改革的分析[J].电子政务,(3):89-102.Li H H,Xing Y F.2025.Combinatorial evolution:Technology-organization interaction mechanisms in the digital transformation of government services:An analysis based on Shenzhen's“public opinion office”reform[J].E-Government,(3):89-102.(in Chinese) 李齐.2019.数字时代的权力生产与政府责任[J].中国行政管理,(11):75-81.Li Q.2019.Power production and government responsibility in the digital age[J].Chinese Public Administration,(11):75-81.(in Chinese) 刘世定.2009.危机传导的社会机制[J].社会学研究,24(2):27-38,243-244.Liu S D.2009.On social mechanisms underlying the transmission of economic crisis in a Chinese context[J].Sociological Studies,24(2):27-38,243-244.(in Chinese) 卢燕璇,张文杰,杨依云,等.2024.技术、权力与控制:“技术-组织”互构视角下的数字化转型与工作关系变迁[J].电子政务,(9):51-64.Lu Y X,Zhang W J,Yang Y Y,et al.2024.Technology,power and control:Digital transformation and changing work relationships in the perspective of“technologyorganization”interconstruction[J].E-Government,(9):51-64.(in Chinese) 邱泽奇.2018.技术化社会治理的异步困境[J].社会发展研究,5(4):2-26,242.Qiu Z Q.2018.The asynchronous dilemma of the technicalization of social governance[J].Journal of Social Development,5(4):2-26,242.(in Chinese) 任勇,葛诗怡.2023.枢纽型数字治理平台的形成及其运行逻辑---以X区“一网统管”为例[J].社会科学研究,(5):35-44.Ren Y,Ge S Y.2023.The formation and operation logic of hub-type digital governance platform-Take the“one-network unified management”in area X as an example[J].Social Science Research,(5):35-44.(in Chinese) 宋晔琴,顾丽梅,张扬.2024.数字平台何以赋能超大城市敏捷治理---基于组织边界跨越视角的分析[J].上海行政学院学报,25(1):19-31.Song Y Q,Gu L M,Zhang Y.2024.How digital platforms enable agile governance of megacities:Analysis based on the perspective of organizational boundary crossing[J].The Journal of Shanghai Administration Institute,25(1):19-31.(in Chinese) 孙志建.2021.技术赋能与认知转向:理解公共管理方法数字化转型的核心机理[J].电子政务,(8):15-28.Sun Z J.2021.Technology enablement and the cognitive turn:Understanding the core mechanics of digital transformation in public management approaches[J].E-Government,(8):15-28.(in Chinese) 孙志建.2025.事件线索与场景治理:数字时代城市基层政府治理运作机理革新[J].电子政务,(11):41-52.Sun Z J.2025.Event cues and scenario governance:Innovating the operational mechanism of urban primary-level governance in the digital era[J].E-Government,(11):41-52.(in Chinese) 谈婕,高翔.2020.数字限权:信息技术在纵向政府间治理中的作用机制研究---基于浙江省企业投资项目审批改革的研究[J].治理研究,36(6):31-40.Tan J,Gao X.2020.The digital cage:How does information and communication technology constrain the administrative power in multi-level governments?-A study on the reform of the approval on the enterprises'investment project in Zhejiang Province[J].Governance Studies,36(6):31-40.(in Chinese) 陶永亮,魏玉君,方丹.2024.政府数字化转型过程中的制度变迁及其动力机制研究[J].电子政务,(2):42-54.Tao Y L,Wei Y J,Fang D.2024.Research on institutional changes and their dynamic mechanisms in the process of government digital transformation[J].E-Government,(2):42-54.(in Chinese) 王玉龙,栗兴芸,李齐.2024.适配性变革:技术治理的理论逻辑与实践进路[J].中国行政管理,40(1):121-130.Wang Y L,Li X Y,Li Q.2024.Adaptive change:The theoretical logic and practice approach of technology governance[J].Chinese Public Administration,40(1):121-130.(in Chinese) 威廉姆·戴维德.2012.过度互联---互联网的奇迹与威胁[M].李利军,译.北京:中信出版社.Davidow W H.2012.Overconnected:The promise and threat of the internet[M].Li L J,trans.Beijing:CITIC Press Corporation.(trans.into Chinese) 吴晓林.2019.治权统合、服务下沉与选择性参与:改革开放四十年城市社区治理的“复合结构”[J].中国行政管理,(7):54-61.Wu X L.2019.Integration of governance power,gravity down of services and selective participation:The form of“policommunity complexity”of urban community governance in China[J].Chinese Public Administration,(7):54-61.(in Chinese) 吴晓林,邢羿飞.2023.同构分责:数字政府建设中的纵向间政府职责配置---对广东“省-市区”三级的调查研究[J].中国行政管理,39(4):14-21.Wu X L,Xing Y F.2023.Isomorphic structure and divided responsibilities:The vertical government responsibilities in the building of digital government-a case study in Guangdong Province[J].Chinese Public Administration,39(4):14-21.(in Chinese) 吴晓林,赵紫涵.2025.以数增权:城市数字化风险防控中牵头部门的行动策略---对南京市的案例考察[J].公共管理学报,22(1):115-126,174.Wu X L,Zhao Z H.2025.Empowering through digitalization:The action strategies of leading departments in urban digital risk prevention and control-a case study of Nanjing[J].Journal of Public Management,22(1):115-126,174.(in Chinese) 向静林,艾云.2023.数字社会发展与中国政府治理新模式[J].中国社会科学,(11):4-23,204.Xiang J L,Ai Y.2023.The development of digital society and the new model of Chinese government governance[J].Social Sciences in China,(11):4-23,204.(in Chinese) 向静林,钟瑞雪,艾云.2025.信息优势的上下分化:数字时代多层级政府治理变革的一个动力机制[J].华中科技大学学报(社会科学版),39(1):55-68.Xiang J L,Zhong R X,Ai Y.2025.The differentiation of information advantages between higher and lower levels:A driving mechanism of governance transformation of multi-level governments in the digital era in China[J].Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology (Social Science Edition),39(1):55-68.(in Chinese) 邢羿飞,李慧慧,吴晓林.2024.数字治理创新何以持续迭代?---基于深圳市坪山区民生诉求改革的案例分析[J].公共管理学报,21(4):16-26,167.Xing Y F,Li H H,Wu X L.2024.How can digital governance innovations continue to iterate?-A case study based on the reform of people's livelihood demands in Pingshan district,Shenzhen[J].Journal of Public Management,21 (4):16-26,167.(in Chinese) 许欢,孟庆国.2017.大数据推动的政府治理方式创新研究[J].情报理论与实践,40(12):52-57.Xu H,Meng Q G.2017.Research on the governance innovation driven by big data[J].Information Studies:Theory&Application,40(12):52-57.(in Chinese) 郁建兴,樊靓.2022.数字技术赋能社会治理及其限度---以杭州城市大脑为分析对象[J].经济社会体制比较,(1):117-126.Yu J X,Fan L.2022.Digital technology empowering social governance and its limits:The case of the Hangzhou City Brain[J].Comparative Economic&Social Systems,(1):117-126.(in Chinese) 张鑫,张露馨.2023.智能治理的生成逻辑、实践阐释及效能提升[J].河海大学学报(哲学社会科学版),25(6):36-45.Zhang X,Zhang L X.2023.The generative logic,practical explanation and effectiveness enhancement of intelligent governance[J].Journal of Hohai University (Philosophy and Social Sciences),25(6):36-45.(in Chinese) 赵紫涵.2025.数字化建设中组织学习的需求适配机制---对M市城市管理局的案例追踪[J].中国行政管理,41(12):96-106.Zhao Z H.2025.Demand matching mechanisms for organizational learning in digital construction-A case in urban management and law enforcement of M-city[J].Chinese Public Administration,41(12):96-106.(in Chinese) 钟伟军.2022.地方政府的分散创新与中央主导下的创新整合---长三角政务服务“一网通办”的实践路径[J].江苏社会科学,(1):63-73.Zhong W J.2022.The decentralized innovation of local governments and the innovation integration under the leadership of the central government-The practical path of“integrated online platform”for government services in the Yangtze River Delta[J].Jiangsu Social Sciences,(1):63-73.(in Chinese) 朱光磊,赵志远.2020.政府职责体系视角下的权责清单制度构建逻辑[J].南开学报(哲学社会科学版),(3):1-9.Zhu G L,Zhao Z Y.2020.The logic of establishing the power and responsibility list system:From the perspective of the governmental responsibility system[J].Journal of Nankai University (Philosophy,Literature and Social),(3):1-9.(in Chinese) Ahn M J,Bretschneider S.2011.Politics of E-government:E-government and the political control of bureaucracy[J].Public Administration Review,71(3):414-424. Cordella A,Tempini N.2015.E-government and organizational change:Reappraising the role of ICT and bureaucracy in public service delivery[J].Government Information Quarterly,32(3):279-286. Fusi F,Feeney M K.2018.Electronic monitoring in public organizations:Evidence from US local governments[J].Public Management Review,20(10):1465-1489. Luna-Reyes L F,Gil-Garcia J R.2011.Using institutional theory and dynamic simulation to understand complex e-government phenomena[J].Government Information Quarterly,28(3):329-345. Miller G J.2005.The political evolution of principal-agent models[J].Annual Review of Political Science,8(1):203-225. Yang T M,Maxwell T A.2011.Information-sharing in public organizations:A literature review of interpersonal,intra-organizational and inter-organizational success factors[J].Government Information Quarterly,28(2):164-175.
- (1)《中共中央关于进一步全面深化改革推进中国式现代化的决定》,《人民日报》,2024年7月22日,第1版。 (2)中国政府网:《习近平:在中央城市工作会议上的讲话》,2026年1月15日,https://www.gov.cn/yaowen/liebiao/202601/content_7054826.htm,2026年4月9日访问。 (3)中国信息通信研究院、新华社中国经济信息社:《数字政府蓝皮报告——业务场景视图与先锋实践》,2023年7月19日,http://www.caict.ac.cn/kxyj/qwfb/ztbg/202307/t20230719_457577.htm?sessionid=,2026年4月9日访问。 (4)成都市统计局:《2025年成都经济运行情况》,2026年1月23日,https://cdstats.chengdu.gov.cn/cdstjj/c154784/2026-01/23/content_44cebcc2dd0141c9991894c9fee1c3b9.shtml,2026年4月10日访问。 (5)编码规则:访谈对象所在单位首字母+受访者序号+访谈年月日。