康健,张浅

• 1:电子科技大学公共管理学院

摘要(Abstract)：

新公共行政在公共行政学科史中具有重要地位。传统观点认为“社会公平”是新公共行政的核心主张，但这一观点遮蔽了新公共行政的复杂演变。第一届明诺布鲁克会议在“重构公共行政”的导向下提出了多元理论主张，此次会议上被提出的新公共行政因而具有鲜明的开放性和反叛性。但在会议后，新公共行政逐渐成为一个所指模糊的概念，学界未能就其确切内涵达成共识。为扩大新公共行政的影响力，弗雷德里克森将“社会公平”锚定为新公共行政的核心主张，实现了对新公共行政的正统建构。但这一正统建构未能涵盖第一届明诺布鲁克会议上的大部分主张，实际上制造出“两个新公共行政”的分化格局：第一届明诺布鲁克会议上的新公共行政是反叛传统公共行政的“新的公共行政”,而正统“新公共行政”则是围绕“社会公平”进行叙事且指涉清晰的体系。“两个新公共行政”是第一届明诺布鲁克会议的历史遗产，对其加以揭示有助于更全面地理解新公共行政的发展演进，也是对学科史关键细节偏差的修正。

关键词(KeyWords)： 新公共行政;明诺布鲁克会议;弗雷德里克森;公共行政学史

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation): 教育部哲学社会科学研究重大专项项目“中国公共政策自主知识体系构建研究”(项目批准号:2025JZDZ046)的资助

作者(Author): 康健,张浅

参考文献(References)：

• 白现军,祝天智.2017.弗雷德里克森的“新公共行政”思想及其对中国社会治理的启示[J].国外理论动态,(2):49-57.Bai X J,Zhu T Z.2017.Frederickson's“new public administration”thoughts and its implications for social governance in China[J].Foreign Theoretical Trends,(2):49-57.(in Chinese) 陈振明.1999.从公共行政学、新公共行政学到公共管理学---西方政府管理研究领域的“范式”变化[J].政治学研究,(1):82-91.Chen Z M.1999.From public administration,new public administration to public management:The“paradigm”shift in Western government management research[J].CASS Journal of Political Science,(1):82-91.(in Chinese) 丁煌.2017.西方行政学说史[M].武汉:武汉大学出版社.Ding H.2017.A history of Western administrative theories[M].Wuhan:Wuhan University Press.(in Chinese) 何艳玲.2018.公共行政学史[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社.He Y L.2018.An intellectual history of public administration[M].Beijing:China Renmin University Press.(in Chinese) 李水金.2021.西方公共行政思想史[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社.Li S J.2021.History of Western public administration thought[M].Beijing:China Social Sciences Press.(in Chinese) 李潇潇.2015.公共管理的自主性与开放性---张康之、周志忍、竺乾威、孔繁斌、何艳玲五人谈[J].中国社会科学评价,(3):13-26.Li X X.2015.Autonomy and openness in public administration:A discussion among Zhang Kangzhi,Zhou Zhiren,Zhu Qianwei,Kong Fanbin,and He Yanling[J].China Social Science Review,(3):13-26.(in Chinese) 李振,鲁宇.2016.行政学的威尔逊悖论:学科起源正统史论的祛魅与反思[J].中国行政管理,(4):79-85.Li Z,Lu Y.2016.Woodrow Wilson Paradox in public administration:Rethinking the orthodox view of the origin of the discipline[J].Chinese Public Administration,(4):79-85.(in Chinese) 麦克斯怀特O C.2002.公共行政的合法性---一种话语分析[M].吴琼,译.北京:中国人民大学出版社.Mc Swite O C.2002.Legitimacy in public administration:A discourse analysis[M].Wu Q,trans.Beijing:China Renmin University Press.(trans.into Chinese) 乔治·弗雷德里克森H.2010.明诺布鲁克:反思与观察[J].宋敏,译.行政论坛,17(1):89-91.Frederickson H G.2010.Minnowbrook:Reflections and observations[J].Song M,trans.Administrative Tribune,17(1):89-91.(trans.into Chinese) 乔治·弗雷德里克森H.2011.新公共行政[M].丁煌,方兴,译.北京:中国人民大学出版社.Frederickson H G.2011.New public administration[M].Ding H,Fang X,trans.Beijing:China Renmin University Press.(trans.into Chinese) 斯拉沃热·齐泽克.2017.意识形态的崇高客体[M].季广茂,译.北京:中央编译出版社.??i??ek S.2017.The sublime object of ideology[M].Ji G M,trans.Beijing:Central Compilation&Translation Press.(trans.into Chinese) 孙宇.2021.明诺布鲁克的回响:美国公共行政思潮的一个历史截面及其批判[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社.Sun Y.2021.Echoes of Minnowbrook:A historical cross-section and critique of American public administration thoughts[M].Beijing:China Social Sciences Press.(in Chinese) 孙珠峰,胡伟.2014.后新公共行政时代的来临---第三次明诺布鲁克会议述评[J].学术月刊,46(2):93-100.Sun Z F,Hu W.2014.The advent of the post new era of public administration-a brief review of the third Minnowbrook conference[J].Academic Monthly,46(2):93-100.(in Chinese) 唐兴霖.2000.公共行政学:历史与思想[M].广州:中山大学出版社.Tang X L.2000.Public administration:History and thoughts[M].Guangzhou:Sun YatSen University Press.(in Chinese) 张康之,张乾友.2013.解读“新公共行政运动”的公共行政观[J].公共管理与政策评论,2(1):23-34.Zhang K Z,Zhang Q Y.2013.The new public administration movement's conception of public administration[J].Public Administration and Policy Review,2(1):23-34.(in Chinese) 张康之,张乾友.2024.公共行政的概念[M].南京:江苏人民出版社.Zhang K Z,Zhang Q Y.2024.The concept of public administration[M].Nanjing:Jiangsu People's Publishing House.(in Chinese) 张乾友.2012.重塑公共行政的世界观与方法论---“后明诺布鲁克时期”美国公共行政规范研究之旨趣[J].中共天津市委党校学报,14(6):36-44.Zhang Q Y.2012.Reshaping the worldview and methodology of public administration:The aims and concerns of normative research in American public administration in the“post-Minnowbrook era”[J].Journal of the Party School of Tianjin Committee of the CPC,14(6):36-44.(in Chinese) 张乾友.2014.公共行政的非正典化[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社.Zhang Q Y.2014.The decanonization of public administration[M].Beijing:China Social Sciences Press.(in Chinese) 张乾友.2018.重新发现明诺布鲁克会议[J].理论与改革,(5):142-152.Zhang Q Y.2018.Rediscovering the history of Minnowbrook conferences[J].Theory and Reform,(5):142-152.(in Chinese) Alesch D,Brown A,Brown V,et al.1970.More on the new public administration[J].Public Administration Review,30(4):471-472. Barton R.1980.The road to Minnowbrook:Development of the new public administration in the United States[J].International Journal of Public Administration,2(4):447-475. Barton R.1983.The new public administration:A modest look at the feasibility of application[J].Public Administration Quarterly,7(3):346-376. Campbell A K.1972.Old and new public administration in the 1970's[J].Public Administration Review,32(4):343-347. Denhardt R B.1977.The continuing saga of the new public administration[J].Administration&Society,9(2):253-261. Dubnick M J.2018.Demons,spirits,and elephants:Reflections on the failure of public administration theory[J].Journal of Public and Nonprofit Affairs,4(1):59-115. Elden J,Brown A,Goldstone R,et al.1970.Need for action now[J].Public Administration Review,30(4):466-467. Frederickson H G.1971.Toward a new public administration[M]//Marini F.Toward a New Public Administration:The Minnowbrook Perspective.Scranton:Chandler Publishing Company:309-331. Frederickson H G.1974.Introductory comments[J].Public Administration Review,34(1):1-2. Friedland E.1971.Comment:The pursuit of relevance[M]//Marini F.Toward a New Public Administration:The Minnowbrook Perspective.Scranton:Chandler Publishing Company:48-56. Harmon M M.1974.Social equity and organizational man:Motivation and organizational democracy[J].Public Administration Review,34(1):11-18. Harmon M M.2003.PAT-Net turns twenty-five:A short history of the public administration theory network[J].Administrative Theory&Praxis,25(2):157-172. Henderson K M.1971.A new comparative public administration?[M]//Marini F.Toward a New Public Administration:The Minnowbrook Perspective.Scranton:Chandler Publishing Company:234-250. Kirkhart L.1971.Toward a theory of public administration[M]//Marini F.Toward a New Public Administration:The Minnowbrook Perspective.Scranton:Chandler Publishing Company:127-164. Kronenberg P S.1971.The scientific and moral authority of empirical theory of public administration[M]//Marini F.Toward a New Public Administration:The Minnowbrook Perspective.Scranton:Chandler Publishing Company:190-225. La Porte T R.1971.The recovery of relevance in the study of public organizations[M]//Marini F.Toward a New Public Administration:The Minnowbrook Perspective.Scranton:Chandler Publishing Company:17-48. Marini F.1971.Introduction:A new public administration?[M]//Marini F.Toward a New Public Administration:The Minnowbrook Perspective.Scranton:Chandler Publishing Company:1-16. Marini F.1992.Introduction[M]//Bailey M T,Mayer R T.Public Management in an Interconnected World:Essays in the Minnowbrook Tradition.New York:Praeger:1-9. Page R S.1969.A new public administration?[J].Public Administration Review,29(3):303-304. Reining H Jr,Bjur W E.1970.The“new”public administration[J].Public Administration Review,30(2):201-203. Sumek L J,Reinow F D.1970.New public administration:For a time of crisis-in a time for change[J].Midwest Review of Public Administration,4(2):108-111. Timney M.2009.Parsing the“Minnowbrook tradition”[J].Administrative Theory&Praxis,31(1):97-101. Waldo D.1972.Developments in public administration[J].The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science,404(1):217-245. Waldo D.1992.Knowledge development and use in public administration:Views from postpositivism,poststructuralism,and postmodernism[M]//Bailey M T,Mayer R T.Public Management in an Interconnected World:Essays in the Minnowbrook Tradition.New York:Praeger:177-184. Wamsley G L.1976.On the problems of discovering what's really new in public administration[J].Administration&Society,8(3):385-400. White O F Jr.1971.Social change and administrative adaptation[M]//Marini F.Toward a new public administration:The Minnowbrook Perspective.Scranton:Chandler Publishing Company:59-83. White O F Jr,Gates B L.1974.Statistical theory and equity in the delivery of social services[J].Public Administration Review,34(1):43-51. Yu H H,Mc Candless S A,Rauhaus B M.2023.Social equity in public administration:Past,present,and the future[J].Journal of Public and Nonprofit Affairs,9(3):437-452.
• (1)值得一提的是,齐姆林笔下的新公共行政与弗雷德里克森的正统建构高度一致,他同样强调应当将公共官僚机构作为实现社会正义和公平的工具,新公共行政应被界定为摆脱价值中立、直接面向社会正义的学术转向。一个可能的解释是,二人在弗雷德里克森于南加州大学读博期间的合作与交流,使二人共享了研究议题与方法,并形成了相似的学术与道德关切。 (2)该学者的观点引自论文集中“适应能力与组织发展”的Editorial Note部分,出自明诺布鲁克会议上的讨论,但论文集中并未指出该学者的具体身份。 (3)该论文集的副标题为“明诺布鲁克传统论文集”,并未采用与第一届明诺布鲁克会议论文集类似的“明诺布鲁克观点”表述。这正体现了“新的公共行政”学者们对第一届明诺布鲁克会议后正统“新公共行政”的不满,因为前者认为,弗雷德里克森等人偏离了真正的“明诺布鲁克观点”,应延续第一届明诺布鲁克会议体现出的开放性、反叛性的“传统”,因此将论文集副标题命名为“明诺布鲁克传统论文集”。