挂图作战:科层组织如何完成难点任务?——基于违法建设综合整治的个案研究Operations According to the Map: How to Accomplish Difficult Tasks for Bureaucratic Organizations——A Case Study on Comprehensive Renovation of Illegal Construction
李利文
摘要(Abstract):
科层组织中不同类型任务对应着不同推动逻辑,而难点任务的完成逻辑缺乏专门关注。难点任务与一般任务、专项任务和重点任务之间存在很大的交叉重叠概率,但其在艰难程度(问题复杂性不断内卷和解决成本显著边际递增)上又明显区别于其他任务类型。实践中,科层组织往往将挂图作战作为难点任务落实的核心推动机制。本文基于违法建设综合整治个案的深度观察,在呈现难点任务如何生成的基础上,描述了基层政府如何绘制责任图、分布图、进度图和资源图,并运用倒逼压实、任务牵引、集中发力和腾笼换鸟技术进行难点任务的治理过程。研究发现,挂图作战包含了目标责任制、行政包干制、小组治理和运动式治理等多种运作逻辑,是一种兼具计划性、针对性和灵活性的难点任务落实机制,但其也可能诱发寻租腐败、心理压力和资源枯竭等组织冲突。挂图作战机制拓展了不同类型任务如何完成的地方性知识,有助于理解科层组织中难点任务的推进逻辑。
关键词(KeyWords): 挂图作战;科层任务;违法建设;难点任务
基金项目(Foundation): 2018年度广东省哲学社会科学规划学科共建项目“城市基层公共服务供给碎片化及其整体性治理研究”(项目批准号:GD18XZZ03);; 广东省哲学社会科学规划“制度理论研究”专项课题“共同体视域下城乡社区治理的现代化路径研究”(项目批准号:GD20ZD25)资助
作者(Author): 李利文
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- (1)“四标”是指标准作业图、标准地址库、标准建筑物编码和标准基础网格;“四实”是指实有人口、实有房屋、实有单位和实有设施。