徐雅倩,宋锴业

• 1:中国海洋大学国际事务与公共管理学院
• 2:山东大学政治学与公共管理学院

摘要(Abstract)：

规模庞大的“数字企业家”群体，通过提供创新服务、创造新的竞争环境，提升了地方和国家层面的整体繁荣和福祉，成为跨管理学、经济学、社会学、公共行政、数字创业领域的重要研究议题。本文基于中国数字公共服务的案例场景，对中国北部、中部、南部三个省份的十四个市、县(区)进行了深度访谈，旨在分析政府部门的数字企业家的生成机制、特质表现及其不同的类别图式。研究发现，作为政府组织推行数字化创新的关键行动者，数字企业家兼具数字特质、企业家特质、科层特质和创新特质。这些特质的差异，源于权力生产、技术生产和中途退场这三种重要机制，数字企业家也因此形成不同的类别图式，进而促成了差异化的政府与数字企业合作模式以及数字化创新策略。在此基础上，本文深入探讨了数字企业家的理论内涵及其特色，对数字企业家理论建构及其有效性提供了直接而翔实的经验证据。中国的案例表明，数字企业家不仅关乎市场治理问题，而且在国家设计和提供公共服务以及政策决策等方面发挥着非常重要的作用，具有深远的治理意义和政策意蕴。因此，政府应高度重视以数字企业家为关键主体的创新数字生态体系建设，明确分工角色并构建有效的行为激励机制。

关键词(KeyWords)： 数字企业家;数字技术;数字平台;扎根理论;探索性分析

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation): 国家自然科学基金青年项目“面向中国政府的数字企业家研究：群体画像、创新行为与影响因素”(项目批准号:72304258);; 山东省自然科学基金青年项目“山东省地方政府数据要素治理的创新路径研究”(项目批准号:ZR2023QG094)的资助

作者(Author): 徐雅倩,宋锴业

参考文献(References)：

• 管兵，梁江禄.2022.数字赋权的层级效用[J].浙江学刊，(3):14-24.Guan B,Liang J L.2022.The hierarchical utility of digital empowerment[J].Zhejiang Academic Journal,(3):14-24.(in Chinese)
• 罗祎楠.2022.中国治理的故事何以丰富?:认识论视野中的田野案例研究[J].公共管理评论，4(3):148-156.Luo Y N.2022.Epistemological modes guiding scholarly fieldwork on Chinese governance:A brief introduction[J].China Public Administration Review,4(3):148-156.(in Chinese)
• 孟天广.2021.政府数字化转型的要素、机制与路径——兼论“技术赋能”与“技术赋权”的双向驱动[J].治理研究，37(1):5-14.Meng T G.2021.Elements,mechanisms and approaches towards digital transformation of government:The dual drivers from technical empowerment to the state and society[J].Governance Studies,37(1):5-14.(in Chinese)
• 米歇尔·福柯.2012.规训与惩罚[M].刘北成，杨远婴，译.北京：生活·读书·新知三联书店.Foucault F.2012.Surveiller et punir[M].Liu B C,Yang Y Y,trans.Beijing:SDX Joint Publishing Company.(trans.into Chinese)
• 宋锴业.2020.中国平台组织发展与政府组织转型——基于政务平台运作的分析[J].管理世界，36(11):172-193.Song K Y.2020.The development of platform organizations in China and transition of government organization:An analysis based on the operation of government affairs platform[J].Journal of Management World,36(11):172-193.(in Chinese)
• 谭海波，范梓腾，杜运周.2019.技术管理能力、注意力分配与地方政府网站建设——一项基于TOE框架的组态分析[J].管理世界，35(9):81-94.Tan H B,Fan Z T,Du Y Z.2019.Technology management capability,attention distribution and local government website construction:A configurational analysis based on the TOE framework[J].Journal of Management World,35(9):81-94.(in Chinese)
• 闫伟，肖雪，严飞.2024.卓越与活力：中国企业家积极心理品质的研究[J].科学学研究，42(2):366-374.Yan W,Xiao X,Yan F.2024.Excellence and vitality:An empirical study on the spiritual qualities of Chinese entrepreneurs[J].Studies in Science of Science,42(2):366-374.(in Chinese)
• 周文辉，李兵，李婉婉.2022.数字平台的企业家精神、行动学习与商业模式演进[J].科学学与科学技术管理，43(6):72-88.Zhou W H,Li B,Li W W.2022.Entrepreneurship,action learning and business model evolution of digital platform[J].Science of Science and Management of S.&.T,43(6):72-88.(in Chinese)
• Abubakre M,Faik I,Mkansi M.2021.Digital entrepreneurship and indigenous value systems:An Ubuntu perspective[J].Information Systems Journal,31(6):838-862.
• Bachmann N,Rose R,Maul V,et al.2024.What makes for future entrepreneurs?The role of digital competencies for entrepreneurial intention[J].Journal of Business Research,174:114481.
• Bandera C,Passerini K.2020.Personality traits and the digital entrepreneur:Much of the same thing or a new breed?[J].Journal of the International Council for Small Business,1(2):81-105.
• Beliaeva T,Ferasso M,Kraus S,et al.2020.Dynamics of digital entrepreneurship and the innovation ecosystem:A multilevel perspective[J].International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research,26(2):266-284.
• Boellstorff T.2019.The opportunity to contribute:Disability and the digital entrepreneur[J].Information,Communication & Society,22(4):474-490.
• Braune E,Dana L P.2022.Digital entrepreneurship:Some features of new social interactions[J].Canadian Journal of Administrative Sciences,39(3):237-243.
• Cavallo A,Cosenz F,Noto G.2024.Business model scaling and growth hacking in digital entrepreneurship[J].Journal of Small Business Management,62(4):2058-2085.
• Chae B,Goh G.2020.Digital entrepreneurs in artificial intelligence and data analytics:Who are they?[J].Journal of Open Innovation:Technology,Market,and Complexity,6(3):56.
• Davidson E,Vaast E.2010.Digital entrepreneurship and its sociomaterial enactment[C]//Proceedings of the 2010 43rd Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences.Honolulu:IEEE,1-10.
• Goodman D G.1984.Groups and politics in the People's Republic of China[M].Cardiff:University College Cardiff Press.
• Guiňez-Cabrera N,Aqueveque C.2022.Entrepreneurial influencers and influential entrepreneurs:Two sides of the same coin[J].International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research,28(1):231-254.
• Hair N,Wetsch L R,Hull C E,et al.2012.Market orientation in digital entrepreneurship:Advantages and challenges in a web 2.0 networked world[J].International Journal of Innovation and Technology Management,9(6):1250045.
• Hammond D R.2013.Policy entrepreneurship in China’s response to urban poverty[J].Policy Studies Journal,41(1):119-146.
• Hanna N.2018.A role for the state in the digital age[J].Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship,7(1):5.
• Hull C E,Hung Y T C,Hair N,et al.2007.Taking advantage of digital opportunities:A typology of digital entrepreneurship[J].International Journal of Networking and Virtual Organisations,4(3):290-303.
• Kraus S,Palmer C,Kailer N,et al.2019.Digital entrepreneurship:A research agenda on new business models for the twenty-first century[J].International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research,25(2):353-375.
• Leick B,Aldogan Eklund M.2021.Digital-digital entrepreneurship as innovative entrepreneurship[M]//Uzunidis D,Kasmi F,Adatto L.Innovation Economics,Engineering and Management Handbook 2:Special Themes.Hoboken:John Wiley & Sons,121-127.
• Mir A A,Hassan S,Khan S J.2023.Understanding digital entrepreneurial intentions:A capital theory perspective[J].International Journal of Emerging Markets,18(12):6165-6191.
• Nambisan S.2017.Digital entrepreneurship:Toward a digital technology perspective of entrepreneurship[J].Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice,41(6):1029-1055.
• Nambisan S,Siegel D,Kenney M.2018.On open innovation,platforms,and entrepreneurship[J].Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal,12(3):354-368.
• Nambisan S,Wright M,Feldman M.2019.The digital transformation of innovation and entrepreneurship:Progress,challenges and key themes[J].Research Policy,48(8):103773.
• Nambisan S,Baron R A.2021.On the costs of digital entrepreneurship:Role conflict,stress,and venture performance in digital platform-based ecosystems[J].Journal of Business Research,125:520-532.
• Ngoasong M Z.2018.Digital entrepreneurship in a resource-scarce context:A focus on entrepreneurial digital competencies[J].Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development,25(3):483-500.
• Rodrigues M,Franco M.2021.Digital entrepreneurship in local government:Case study in municipality of Fund?o,Portugal[J].Sustainable Cities and Society,73:103115.
• Sahut J M,Iandoli L,Teulon F.2021.The age of digital entrepreneurship[J].Small Business Economics,56(3):1159-1169.
• Santos E A D,Torkomian A L V.2021.Characteristics of the digital entrepreneur:A multicase study in startups[J].International Journal of Innovation,9(2):219-238.
• Seow R Y C.2022.Personality traits of traditional entrepreneur and digital entrepreneur:A systematic literature review[J].ASEAN Entrepreneurship Journal,8(2):56-71.
• Srinivasan A,Venkatraman N.2018.Entrepreneurship in digital platforms:A network-centric view[J].Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal,12(1):54-71.
• Steininger D M.2019.Linking information systems and entrepreneurship:A review and agenda for IT-associated and digital entrepreneurship research[J].Information Systems Journal,29(2):363-407.
• von Briel F,Recker J,Selander L,et al.2021.Researching digital entrepreneurship:Current issues and suggestions for future directions[J].Communications of the Association for Information Systems,48:33.