定性研究:从实证到解析Qualitative Research:From Empirical to Analytical Traditions
朱天飚
摘要(Abstract)：
本文通过讨论斯考切波的《国家与社会革命》、尤尔查科的《苏联的最后一代》以及和文凯的《通向现代财政国家之路》三部专著来展示定性研究从实证到解析的多样化发展。比较这三部在社会科学领域颇具影响力的专著可以看出,其定性研究方法的运用和倾向都具有鲜明的特点。根据上述比较分析,本文在最后提出以下命题以供争鸣,即定性研究的长处在于细节描述、概念辨析和具体因果机制的发掘,因此更适合非实证性研究。当然,实证性研究和非实证性研究对我们思考人类的社会行为都有重大意义和贡献。
关键词(KeyWords)： 定性研究;话语;因果机制
基金项目(Foundation): 浙江大学文科教师教学科研发展专项资助
作者(Author): 朱天飚
参考文献(References)：
- (1)Immanuel Wallerstein,et al.,Open the Social Sciences:Report of the Gulbenkian Commission on the Restructuring of the Social Sciences,Stanford:Stanford University Press,1996,p.31.
- (1)Charles Darwin,“Autobiography,”in The Life and Letters of Charles Darwin:Including an Autobiographical Chapter,Vol.1,edited by Charles Darwin and Francis Darwin,Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,2009,p.57.
- (2)Immanuel Wallerstein,et al.,Open the Social Sciences:Report of the Gulbenkian Commission on the Restructuring of the Social Sciences,Stanford:Stanford University Press,1996,p.3.
- (3)Immanuel Wallerstein,World-Systems Analysis:An Introduction,Durham(U.S.A.):Duke University Press,p.5.
- (4)Martin Hollis and Steve Smith,Explaining and Understanding International Relations,Oxford:Clarendon,1991.
- (5)稍详细的讨论请见朱天飚《〈社会科学中的研究设计〉与定性研究》,《公共行政评论》2015年第4期。
- (1)最近的一次重要尝试当属:Gary Goertz and James Mahoney,A Tale of Two Cultures:Qualitative and Quantitative Research in the Social Sciences,Princeton,NJ:Princeton University Press,2012。
- (2)Gary King,Robert O.Keohane and Sidney Verba,Designing Social Inquiry:Scientific Inference in Qualitative Research,Princeton:Princeton University Press,1994.
- (3)Gary King,Robert O.Keohane and Sidney Verba,Designing Social Inquiry:Scientific Inference in Qualitative Research,Princeton:Princeton University Press,1994,pp.4-5.
- (4)在定性研究中也有称“变量”为“变项”的,似乎更加准确,但这里仍按一般习惯称“变量”。
- (5)Theda Skocpol,States and Social Revolutions:A Comparative Analysis of France,Russia and China,Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1979.
- (5)Robert E.Goodin and Hans-Dieter Klingemann,eds.,A New Handbook of Political Science,Oxford and New York:Oxford University Press,1996,p.32;Jeff Goodin,"How to Become a Dominant American Social Scientist:The Case of Theda Skocpol,"Contemporary Sociology,1996(3),pp.293-295.
- (1)Theda Skocpol,States and Social Revolutions:A Comparative Analysis of France,Russia and China,Cambridge University Press,2015,p.4.
- (2)Alexei Yurchak,Everything was Forever,Until It was No More:The Last Soviet Generation,Princeton:Princeton University Press,2005.
- (1)Alexei Yurchak,Everything was Forever,Until It was No More:The Last Soviet Generation,Princeton:Princeton University Press,2005,p.38.
- (1)Wenkai He,Paths toward the Modern Fiscal State:England,Japan,and China,Cambridge(Massachusetts)and London(England):Harvard University Press,2013.
- (2)Wenkai He,Paths toward the Modern Fiscal State:England,Japan,and China,Cambridge(Massachusetts)and London(England):Harvard University Press,2013,p.2.
- (1)Wenkai He,Paths toward the Modern Fiscal State:England,Japan,and China,Cambridge(Massachusetts)and London(England):Harvard University Press,2013.p 23.
- (2)Wenkai He,Paths toward the Modern Fiscal State:England,Japan,and China,Cambridge(Massachusetts)and London(England):Harvard University Press,2013.p.185.