官员异地考察何以影响移动政务服务平台扩散?——一项事件史分析How Offsite Visits by Leaders Affect the Diffusion of Mobile Government Platforms? An Event-history Analysis
林民望,宋凌汕
摘要(Abstract):
本文从政策创新扩散理论和新制度主义理论双重视角出发,探讨官员异地考察对移动政务服务平台扩散的影响。文章选取2014—2022年中国31个省级政府的面板数据进行定向配对事件史分析,实证检验官员异地考察与创新采纳之间的关系,并分别考察强制、模仿和规范三种制度同构压力在其中发挥的调节效应,借此揭示了政策创新扩散中官员异地考察的作用机理。结果表明,官员异地考察对移动政务服务平台扩散具有显著促进作用,即移动政务服务平台省域扩散概率会随着省际官员异地考察次数增加而提升;强制压力、模仿压力和规范压力均会强化官员异地考察对创新采纳的正向影响。上述研究发现不仅增强了学习机制对政策创新扩散的理论解释力,也为理解官员异地考察的政策扩散效应提供了经验证据支持。
关键词(KeyWords): 官员异地考察;移动政务;政策扩散;新制度主义;配对事件史分析
基金项目(Foundation): 国家社会科学基金一般项目“城市群跨域环境治理府际协作网络的形成机制与治理效应研究”(项目批准号:24BGL223)的资助
作者(Author): 林民望,宋凌汕
参考文献(References):
- 陈世香,王芮.2022.中国省级政府移动政务服务水平的影响因素与提升路径[J].理论与改革,(2):85-98.Chen S X,Wang R.2022.A study on the influencing factors and improvement paths of mobile government service levels of provincial governments in China[J].Theory and Reform,(2):85-98.(in Chinese)
- 林雪霏.2015.政府间组织学习与政策再生产:政策扩散的微观机制——以“城市网格化管理”政策为例[J].公共管理学报,12(1):11-23,153-154.Lin X F.2015.Organizational learning among governments and the policy reproduction:The microscopic mechanisms of policy diffusion—A case study on the policy of “city grid management”[J].Journal of Public Management,12(1):11-23,153-154.(in Chinese)
- 刘佳,刘俊腾.2020.“最多跑一次”改革的扩散机制研究——面向中国294个地级市的事件史分析[J].甘肃行政学院学报,(4):26-36,125.Liu J,Liu J T.2020.A study on the diffusion mechanism of “no more than one visit for one item” reform—An events history analysis for 294 prefecture-level cities in China[J].Journal of Gansu Administration Institute,(4):26-36,125.(in Chinese)
- 马亮.2012.公安微博的扩散研究:中国地级市的实证研究[J].甘肃行政学院学报,(6):4-14,124.Ma L.2012.The diffusion of government microblogging:Evidence from Chinese municipal police bureaus[J].Journal of Gansu Administration Institute,(6):4-14,124.(in Chinese)
- 马亮.2013.官员晋升激励与政府绩效目标设置——中国省级面板数据的实证研究[J].公共管理学报,10(2):28-40.Ma L.2013.Promotion incentive of government officials and government performance target-setting:An empirical analysis of provincial panel data in China[J].Journal of Public Management,10(2):28-40.(in Chinese)
- 马亮.2015.公共服务创新的扩散:中国城市公共自行车计划的实证分析[J].公共行政评论,8(3):51-78.Ma L.2015.The diffusion of public service innovation:An empirical analysis of public bicycle programs in Chinese cities[J].Journal of Public Administration,8(3):51-78.(in Chinese)
- 庞锐.2023.采纳与内化:多重制度压力如何影响河长制创新扩散——基于省级政府的定向配对事件史分析[J].公共管理学报,20(2):25-37,165-166.Pang R.2023.Adoption and internalization:How multiple institutional pressures affect the innovation diffusion of the river-chief system—A directed dyadic event-history analysis based on provincial governments[J].Journal of Public Management,20(2):25-37,165-166.(in Chinese)
- 任皓.2022.府际交流网络与区域间市场分割——来自省级政府“一把手”异地考察交流的证据[J].公共管理与政策评论,11(3):80-93.Ren H.2022.Inter-governmental networks and market segmentation:Evidence from provincial party secretary's offsite visits[J].Public Administration and Policy Review,11(3):80-93.(in Chinese)
- 任皓.2024.府际学习是否降低了企业对于政策不确定性的感知?[J].经济社会体制比较,(5):146-158.Ren H.2024.The impact of inter-governmental learning on firms' perceptions of government policy uncertainty[J].Comparative Economic & Social Systems,(5):146-158.(in Chinese)
- 任皓.2025.地方政府何以应对中央政府经济政策不确定性[J].经济学报,12(1):153-171.Ren H.2025.How can local governments cope with economic policy uncertainty from the central government?—A network perspective[J].China Journal of Economics,12(1):153-171.(in Chinese)
- 王绍光.2008.学习机制与适应能力:中国农村合作医疗体制变迁的启示[J].中国社会科学,(6):111-133,207.Wang S G.2008.Learning and adapting:The case of rural healthcare financing in China[J].Social Sciences in China,(6):111-133,207.(in Chinese)
- 谢庆奎.2000.中国政府的府际关系研究[J].北京大学学报(哲学社会科学版),37(1):26-34.Xie Q K.2000.Intergovernmental relations in China[J].Journal of Peking University (Philosophy and Social Sciences),37(1):26-34.(in Chinese)
- 杨静文.2006.我国政务中心制度创新扩散实证分析[J].中国行政管理,(6):41-44.Yang J W.2006.An empirical analysis of the diffusion of institutional innovation in our country's government affairs center[J].Chinese Public Administration,(6):41-44.(in Chinese)
- 杨志,魏姝.2020.政府考察学习如何影响政策扩散?——以县级融媒体中心政策为例[J].公共行政评论,13(5):160-180,209-210.Yang Z,Wei S.2020.How does horizontal onsite learning affect policy diffusion?—A case study of county-level converged media center policy[J].Journal of Public Administration,13(5):160-180,209-210.(in Chinese)
- 祝辰浪,周凌一,任皓.2023.领导在路上:地方政府官员异地考察的行为和网络[J].公共管理评论,5(3):5-30.Zhu C L,Zhou L Y,Ren H.2023.“On the road”:Behavior and networks in offsite visits by municipal party secretaries[J].China Public Administration Review,5(3):5-30.(in Chinese)
- 朱旭峰,张友浪.2015.创新与扩散:新型行政审批制度在中国城市的兴起[J].管理世界,31(10):91-105,116.Zhu X F,Zhang Y L.2015.Innovation and diffusion:The rise of new administrative examination and approval systems in Chinese cities[J].Journal of Management World,31(10):91-105,116.(in Chinese)
- Ashworth R,Boyne G,Delbridge R.2009.Escape from the iron cage?Organizational change and isomorphic pressures in the public sector[J].Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory,19(1):165-187.
- Bamert J,Gilardi F,Wasserfallen F.2015.Learning and the diffusion of regime contention in the Arab Spring[J].Research & Politics,2(3):1-9.
- Berry F S,Berry W D.1990.State lottery adoptions as policy innovations:An event history analysis[J].American Political Science Review,84(2):395-415.
- Berry W D,Baybeck B.2005.Using geographic information systems to study interstate competition[J].American Political Science Review,99(4):505-519.
- Boehmke F J.2009.Policy emulation or policy convergence?Potential ambiguities in the dyadic event history approach to state policy emulation[J].The Journal of Politics,71(3):1125-1140.
- Boehmke F J,Witmer R.2004.Disentangling diffusion:The effects of social learning and economic competition on state policy innovation and expansion[J].Political Research Quarterly,57(1):39-51.
- Brown L A,Cox K R.1971.Empirical regularities in the diffusion of innovation[J].Annals of the Association of American Geographers,61(3):551-559.
- Butler D M,Volden C,Dynes A M,et al.2017.Ideology,learning,and policy diffusion:Experimental evidence[J].American Journal of Political Science,61(1):37-49.
- Chen C,Chi S X.2017.Isomorphic diffusion in public sector:Focus on China[J].Transylvanian Review of Administrative Sciences,13(52):5-22.
- Chen C C,Meindl J R.1991.The construction of leadership images in the popular press:The case of Donald Burr and People Express[J].Administrative Science Quarterly,36(4):521-551.
- Cook I R.2008.Mobilising urban policies:The policy transfer of US business improvement districts to england and wales[J].Urban Studies,45(4):773-795.
- Cook I R,Ward K.2011.Trans-urban networks of learning,mega events and policy tourism:The case of manchester's commonwealth and olympic games projects[J].Urban Studies,48(12):2519-2535.
- Cook S J,Hays J C,Franzese R J.2020.Fixed effects in rare events data:A penalized maximum likelihood solution[J].Political Science Research and Methods,8(1):92-105.
- Damanpour F.1991.Organizational innovation:A meta-analysis of effects of determinants and moderators[J].Academy of Management Journal,34(3):555-590.
- DiMaggio P J,Powell W W.1983.The iron cage revisited:Institutional isomorphism and collective rationality in organizational fields[J].American Sociological Review,48(2):147-160.
- Epstein B.2022.Two decades of e-government diffusion among local governments in the United States[J].Government Information Quarterly,39(2):101665.
- Fay D L,Zavattaro S M.2016.Branding and isomorphism:The case of higher education[J].Public Administration Review,76(5):805-815.
- Ferro E,Sorrentino M.2010.Can intermunicipal collaboration help the diffusion of E-Government in peripheral areas?Evidence from Italy[J].Government Information Quarterly,27(1):17-25.
- Füglister K.2012.Where does learning take place?The role of intergovernmental cooperation in policy diffusion[J].European Journal of Political Research,51(3):316-349.
- Gilardi F.2010.Who learns from what in policy diffusion processes?[J].American Journal of Political Science,54(3):650-666.
- Gilardi F.2016.Four ways we can improve policy diffusion research[J].State Politics & Policy Quarterly,16(1):8-21.
- Gilardi F,Füglister K,Luyet S.2009.Learning from others:The diffusion of hospital financing reforms in OECD countries[J].Comparative Political Studies,42(4):549-573.
- González S.2011.Bilbao and Barcelona ‘in motion’.How urban regeneration ‘models’ travel and mutate in the global flows of policy tourism[J].Urban Studies,48(7):1397-1418.
- Graham E R,Shipan C R,Volden C.2013.The diffusion of policy diffusion research in political science[J].British journal of Political Science,43(3):673-701.
- Gray V.1973.Innovation in the states:A diffusion study[J].American Political Science Review,67(4):1174-1185.
- Greening D W,Gray B.1994.Testing a model of organizational response to social and political issues[J].Academy of Management Journal,37(3):467-498.
- Haupt W.2023.Policy diffusion,policy transfer,and policy mobilities revisited:A call for more interdisciplinary approaches in human geography[J].Geography Compass,17(5):e12688.
- Hudson J,Kim B Y.2014.Policy transfer using the ‘gold standard’:Exploring policy tourism in practice[J].Policy & Politics,42(4):495-511.
- Jensen J L.2004.A multipopulation comparison of the diffusion of public organizations and policies across space and time[J].Policy Studies Journal,32(1):109-127.
- Lee C K,Strang D.2006.The international diffusion of public-sector downsizing:Network emulation and theory-driven learning[J].International Organization,60(4):883-909.
- Lee C P,Chang K J,Berry F S.2011.Testing the development and diffusion of E-government and E-democracy:A global perspective[J].Public Administration Review,71(3):444-454.
- Liang H G,Saraf N,Hu Q,et al.2007.Assimilation of enterprise systems:The effect of institutional pressures and the mediating role of top management[J].MIS Quarterly,31(1):59-87.
- Liu I S,Yi H T.2024.Member duality and policy tourism:Learning in interlocal policy networks[J].Public Administration,102(4):1532-1557.
- Liu W X,Ma L,Wang X,et al.2025.Interlocal learning mechanisms and policy diffusion:The case of new energy vehicles finance in Chinese cities[J].Policy Studies Journal,53(1):49-68.
- Ma L.2014.Diffusion and assimilation of government microblogging:Evidence from Chinese cities[J].Public Management Review,16(2):274-295.
- Ma L.2017.Site visits,policy learning,and the diffusion of policy innovation:Evidence from public bicycle programs in China[J].Journal of Chinese Political Science,22(4):581-599.
- Maggetti M,Gilardi F.2016.Problems (and solutions) in the measurement of policy diffusion mechanisms[J].Journal of Public Policy,36(1):87-107.
- Makse T,Volden C.2011.The role of policy attributes in the diffusion of innovations[J].The Journal of Politics,73(1):108-124.
- Marsh D,Sharman J C.2009.Policy diffusion and policy transfer[J].Policy Studies,30(3):269-288.
- McCann E.2011.Urban policy mobilities and global circuits of knowledge:Toward a research agenda[J].Annals of the Association of American Geographers,101(1):107-130.
- McCann E J.2008.Expertise,truth,and urban policy mobilities:Global circuits of knowledge in the development of Vancouver,Canada's ‘four pillar’ drug strategy[J].Environment and Planning A:Economy and Space,40(4):885-904.
- McCann P J C,Shipan C R,Volden C.2015.Top-down federalism:State policy responses to national government discussions[J].Publius:The Journal of Federalism,45(4):495-525.
- McCombs M E,Shaw D L.1972.The agenda-setting function of mass media[J].Public Opinion Quarterly,36(2):176-187.
- Meseguer C.2005.Policy learning,policy diffusion,and the making of a new order[J].The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science,598(1):67-82.
- Meseguer C.2006.Rational learning and bounded learning in the diffusion of policy innovations[J].Rationality and Society,18(1):35-66.
- Montero S.2017.Study tours and inter-city policy learning:Mobilizing Bogotá's transportation policies in Guadalajara[J].Environment and Planning A:Economy and Space,49(2):332-350.
- Mooney C Z.2001.Modeling regional effects on state policy diffusion[J].Political Research Quarterly,54(1):103-124.
- Mooney C Z,Lee M H.1999.Morality policy reinvention:State death penalties[J].The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science,566(1):80-92.
- Perry J L,Engbers T A,Jun S Y.2009.Back to the future?Performance-related pay,empirical research,and the perils of persistence[J].Public Administration Review,69(1):39-51.
- Radaelli C M.2000.Policy transfer in the European Union:Institutional isomorphism as a source of legitimacy[J].Governance,13(1):25-43.
- Ramamurti R.1999.Why haven't developing countries privatized deeper and faster?[J].World Development,27(1):137-155.
- Ren H,Zhou L Y,Gao Y N.2024.Policy tourism and economic collaboration among local governments:A nonparametric matching model[J].Public Performance & Management Review,47(2):476-504.
- Rogers E M.1995.Diffusion of innovations[M].New York:Free Press,12.
- Shipan C R,Volden C.2006.Bottom-up federalism:The diffusion of antismoking policies from U.S.cities to states[J].American Journal of Political Science,50(4):825-843.
- Shipan C R,Volden C.2008.The mechanisms of policy diffusion[J].American Journal of Political Science,52(4):840-857.
- Shipan C R,Volden C.2014.When the smoke clears:Expertise,learning and policy diffusion[J].Journal of Public Policy,34(3):357-387.
- Sun H,Su J,Ma L.2021.The diffusion of the utility tunnel policy:Evidence from Chinese cities[J].Utilities Policy,72:101271.
- Volden C.2006.States as policy laboratories:Emulating success in the children's health insurance program[J].American Journal of Political Science,50(2):294-312.
- Volden C,Ting M M,Carpenter D P.2008.A formal model of learning and policy diffusion[J].American Political Science Review,102(3):319-332.
- Walker J L.1969.The diffusion of innovations among the American states[J].American Political Science Review,63(3):880-899.
- Ward K.2011.Entrepreneurial urbanism,policy tourism,and the making mobile of policies[M]//Bridge G,Watson S.The New Blackwell Companion to the City.Malden:Wiley-Blackwell,726-737
- Weyland K G.2005.Theories of policy diffusion lessons from Latin American pension reform[J].World Politics,57(2):262-295.
- Wood A.2014.Learning through policy tourism:Circulating bus rapid transit from South America to South Africa[J].Environment and Planning A:Economy and Space,46(11):2654-2669.
- Yi H T,Liu I.2022.Executive leadership,policy tourism,and policy diffusion among local governments[J].Public Administration Review,82(6):1024-1041.
- Yun H J,Opheim C.2010.Building on success:The diffusion of e-government in the American states[J].Electronic Journal of e-Government,8(1):71-82.
- Zhang Y L,Zhu X F.2019.Multiple mechanisms of policy diffusion in China[J].Public Management Review,21(4):495-514.
- Zhang Y L,Zhu X F.2020.The moderating role of top-down supports in horizontal innovation diffusion[J].Public Administration Review,80(2):209-221.
- Zhu X F.2014.Mandate versus championship:Vertical government intervention and diffusion of innovation in public services in authoritarian China[J].Public Management Review,16(1):117-139.
- Zhu X F,Zhang Y L.2016.Political mobility and dynamic diffusion of innovation:The spread of municipal pro-business administrative reform in China[J].Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory,26(3):535-551.
- Zhu X F,Zhang Y L.2019.Diffusion of marketization innovation with administrative centralization in a multilevel system:Evidence from China[J].Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory,29(1):133-150.