政策资源破解“不可能三角”:居委会主导型社会企业研究How Policy-enabled Resources Reconcile Conflicts over Institutional Logics: Evidence from China's Residents' Committee-led Social Enterprises
章高荣,徐彩云
摘要(Abstract):
作为国家治理的基石,城市社区通常面临资源约束和共同体困境。社区社会企业因其兼具商业与公益的优势而被地方政府引入并取得局部成功。从制度逻辑出发,居委会主导的该类组织面临着行政、市场与社区逻辑的“不可能三角”,如何理解这一悖论?本文以成都社区社会企业为例,提出了“借巢引凤”这一模式。“借巢”指通过上级政策塑造“制度空间”,从而“合法化”利用各种资源,解决了社区社会企业发展过程中的资源约束并降低了市场竞争压力;“引凤”则是指将直接运营变为间接运营,从而缓解运营能力约束。这一模式实现了多重制度逻辑在组织外部的化解。最后,本文尝试提出“政策资源”这一概念来解释居委会主导型社区社会企业的成功机制。本研究拓展了混合组织的研究视角,其政策意涵在于:通过借助平台等模式,居委会在一定程度上能够有效融合行政、社区与商业组织这三重身份。
关键词(KeyWords): 社区社会企业;居委会;制度逻辑;政策资源
基金项目(Foundation): 广东省哲学社会科学规划2025年度常规项目“社会企业视角下新质生产力赋能社会治理高质量发展的机制与实现路径研究”(项目批准号:GD25YGG27)的资助
作者(Author): 章高荣,徐彩云
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- (1)见《中共中央国务院关于加强基层治理体系和治理能力现代化建设的意见》。 (2)见《中共北京市委关于加强和创新社会管理全面推进社会建设的意见》。 (3)见《成都市人民政府办公厅关于培育社会企业促进社区发展治理的意见》。 (4)访谈资料编码规则:第一个字母表示访谈对象所属机构的代码,第二个字母组合为被访对象的代码,字母后面的数字代表访谈的具体日期,如20210901代表2021年9月1日。已对编码进行了匿名处理。 (5)数据来源:《成都市社会企业发展报告》,https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/sWbwyLUMlgJUGndtctB7gg. (6)详见《中共成都市委城乡社区发展治理委员会2021年部门决算》。 (7)见《四川省“十四五”城乡社区发展治理规划》。 (8)市场与社区逻辑之间的冲突目前学术界有大量的文献进行了探讨,因此本文不重点展开。 (9)资料来源:成都市社会企业发展促进会内部报告《成都市社区社会企业数据分析报告》。 (10)文中所有出现的街道和社区(村)名称都做了匿名化处理,匿名后的名称与原来名称无直接关联。 (11)辰耀社区社会企业于2019年通过了成都市社会企业认证并获得了“金牌社会企业”的称号,是值得剖析的案例。该社区社会企业的业务融合了“公共空间运营”和“补贴模式”。为了更好地区分这两种业务,本文用辰耀社区Ⅰ指代前者,辰耀社区Ⅱ指代后者。 (12)数据来源:成都市郫都区云栖街道:加强非遗文化保护传承,助力新时代乡村振兴.https://finance.sina.cn/2023-03-01/detail-imyiipqz4744931.d.html。