李永康,夏鸿博

• 1:云南财经大学财政与公共管理学院

摘要(Abstract)：

有效识别和治理公务员避责行为，对公务员队伍建设乃至国家治理体系和治理能力现代化的推进有着重要意义。本文基于压力认知评价理论，探讨了繁文缛节对公务员避责行为的影响。运用问卷调查法，通过对427份公务员样本数据的分析发现，繁文缛节会触发公务员的避责行为，并通过挑战评估、阻碍评估的传导机制对避责行为产生影响。研究表明，公共服务动机水平的提升削弱了繁文缛节对公务员避责行为的影响，同时也弱化了阻碍评估对避责行为的正向效应。同时，本文认为，“问责与避责”的对应关系可能强化了公务员问责预期，是繁文缛节对挑战评估产生负向影响的潜在原因。公务员自我归因和人际归因的交互作用可能是公共服务动机对挑战评估与避责行为关系调节效应不明显的原因。研究揭示了繁文缛节影响公务员避责行为的作用机制，丰富了繁文缛节和公务员避责行为的相关研究，为提高新时代公务员队伍治理能力，推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化提供了理论参考和实践启示。

关键词(KeyWords)： 繁文缛节;避责行为;公共服务动机;挑战评估;阻碍评估

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation): 国家社会科学基金西部项目“中国古代官吏去职管理研究——中华优秀传统文化梳理及对现代国家治理的启示”(项目批准号:20XZZ009)的资助

作者(Author): 李永康,夏鸿博

参考文献(References)：

• 包元杰，李超平.2016.公共服务动机的测量：理论结构与量表修订[J].中国人力资源开发，(7):83-91.Bao Y J,Li C P.2016.Measuring public service motivation:Theoretical structure and scale revision[J].Human Resources Development of China,(7):83-91.(in Chinese) 杜林致，陈雨欣.2023.时间压力促进还是抑制员工主动工作行为?认知评价的中介作用和时间管理技能的调节作用[J].中国人力资源开发，40(4):6-20.Du L Z,Chen Y X.2023.Does time stressor promote or inhibit employees' proactive work behavior?Cognitive appraisals of stress as mediator and time management skills as moderator[J].Human Resources Development of China,40(4):6-20.(in Chinese) 高记，冯婧雯.2024.不利结果下算法决策对员工公平感的双刃剑效应：基于归因理论的视角[J].中国人力资源开发，41(5):36-53.Gao J,Feng J W.2024.The double-edged sword effect of algorithmic decision making on employees' justice perception under unfavorable outcomes:An attribution theory perspective[J].Human Resources Development of China,41(5):36-53.(in Chinese) 葛蕾蕾，陈昱睿.2022.使命效价对基层公务员工作幸福感的影响：情绪衰竭的中介作用及公共服务动机的调节作用[J].公共管理与政策评论，11(3):41-51.Ge L L,Chen Y R.2022.Effect of mission valence on occupational well-being of grass-roots civil servant:The mediating role of emotional exhaustion and the moderating role of public service motivation[J].Public Administration and Policy Review,11(3):41-51.(in Chinese) 郭金元.2022.繁文缛节对公务员创新工作行为的双刃剑效应研究[D].武汉：华中科技大学.Guo J Y.2022.The double-edged sword effect of red tape on civil servants' innovative work behavior[D].Wuhan:Huazhong University of Science and Technology.(in Chinese) 郭金元，陈志霞.2023.双元激励偏好与公务员工作绩效：繁文缛节感知的抑制效应[J].公共管理与政策评论，12(1):47-63.Guo J Y.Chen Z X.2023.An empirical study on dual motivational preference and job performance:The inhibiting effect of civil servants' red tape perceptions[J].Public Administration and Policy Review,12(1):47-63.(in Chinese) 郭金元，陈志霞，元帅.2021.重新审视繁文缛节：概念和测量及其三维控制模型[J].公共管理评论，3(1):91-121.Guo J Y,Chen Z X,Yuan S.2021.Rethinking red tape:Concept,measurement and its three-dimensional control model[J].China Public Administration Review,3(1):91-121.(in Chinese) 郭巍青，张艺.2021.责任风险视域下的避责行为：要素、情境及逻辑[J].公共行政评论，14(4):137-154,199.Guo W Q,Zhang Y.2021.Blame avoidance from the perspective of liability risk:Elements,situations,and shaping logic[J].Journal of Public Administration,14(4):137-154,199.(in Chinese) 胡国鹏，杨巨声，蔡岚.2022.基于文献计量的中国公共服务动机研究：现状与创新[J].湖北社会科学，(2):37-48.Hu G P,Yang J S,Cai L.2022.Bibliometric-based research on public service motivation in China:Current status and innovations[J].Hubei Social Sciences,(2):37-48.(in Chinese) 姜福斌，王震.2022.压力认知评价理论在管理心理学中的应用：场景、方式与迷思[J].心理科学进展，30(12):2825-2845.Jiang F B.Wang Z.2022.Applications of cognitive appraisal theory of stress in managerial psychology research:Scenes,methods,and myths[J].Advances in Psychological Science,30(12):2825-2845.(in Chinese) 柯江林，闫晓岑，蒋一凡.2020.公仆式领导对公务员下属服务动机的双元激发路径：职场精神力与LMX中介视角[J].中国行政管理，(3):92-100.Ke J L,Yan X C,Jiang Y F.2020.Two influencing paths of servant leadership on service motivation of subordinate:Mediating roles of workplace spirituality and LMX[J].Chinese Public Administration,(3):92-100.(in Chinese) 李其容，李春萱，杨艳宇，等.2022.基于被调节中介模型的团队绩效压力与双元创新的影响研究[J].管理学报，19(12):1811-1818.Li Q R,Li C X,Yang Y Y,et al.2022.The influence of team performance pressure on incremental and radical innovation:A moderated mediation model[J].Chinese Journal of Management,19(12):1811-1818.(in Chinese) 李倩.2022.政府绩效评估何以催生基层繁文缛节负担?——基于多层级治理视角[J].中国行政管理，(7):63-72.Li Q.2022.How does performance measure system trigger red tape in grassroot government?—From the perspective of multi-level governance[J].Chinese Public Administration,(7):63-72.(in Chinese) 林民望.2015.西方繁文缛节研究前沿挈领——基于SSCI代表性文献的研究[J].公共行政评论，8(5):154-172,190.Lin M W.2015.The cutting-edge research on red tape:Review of SSCI representative literatures[J].Journal of Public Administration,8(5):154-172,190.(in Chinese) 林琼，熊节春.2018.公共服务动机对公务员工作倦怠的影响[J].江西社会科学，38(5):235-242.Lin Q,Xiong J C.2018.The impact of public service motivation on burnout in civil servants[J].Jiangxi Social Sciences,38(5):235-242.(in Chinese) 林亚清.2021.限制抑或激活：繁文缛节如何影响公务员变革行为?[J].公共行政评论，14(3):40-59,197.Lin Y Q.2021.Constraints or activation:How red tape influences civil servants' change-oriented behavior?[J].Journal of Public Administration,14(3):40-59,197.(in Chinese) 林亚清，张宇卿.2019.领导成员交换关系会影响公务员变革型组织公民行为吗?——变革义务感的中介作用与公共服务动机的调节作用[J].公共行政评论，12(1):132-150,214-215.Lin Y Q,Zhang Y Q.2019.Does leader-member exchange improve public servants' change-oriented organizational citizenship behavior?—Exploring the mediating role of felt responsibility for change and the moderating role of public service motivation[J].Journal of Public Administration,12(1):132-150,214-215.(in Chinese) 刘军，周建国.2023.中国避责问题溯源分析：从起点、类型到动因[J].江海学刊，(3):150-157,256.Liu J,Zhou J G.2023.Traceability analysis on blame avoidance in China:Origin,types,and causes[J].Jianghai Academic Journal,(3):150-157,256.(in Chinese) 倪星，王锐.2017.从邀功到避责：基层政府官员行为变化研究[J].政治学研究，(2):42-51,126.Ni X,Wang R.2017.From credit claiming to blame avoidance:The change of government officials' behavior[J].CASS Journal of Political Science,(2):42-51,126.(in Chinese) 盛明科，陈廷栋.2019.基层官员避责行为：逻辑·危害·治理——一种组织行为学的观点[J].吉首大学学报(社会科学版),40(5):39-47.Sheng M K,Chen T D.2019.An exploration into the logic,harm,and governance of grass-roots officials' avoidance of responsibility[J].Journal of Jishou University (Social Sciences),40(5):39-47.(in Chinese) 孙德超，周媛媛.2020.变“压力”为“动力”——基于公共服务动机理论的基层扶贫干部工作压力研究[J].吉林大学社会科学学报，60(2):159-166,223.Sun D C,Zhou Y Y.2020.Changing “pressure” to “motivation”:A study on the working pressure of grassroots poverty alleviation officials based on the theory of public service motivation[J].Jilin University Journal Social Sciences Edition,60(2):159-166,223.(in Chinese) 谭新雨，刘帮成，汪艳霞.2017.激励-贡献导向下心理契约差异对公务员离职倾向的影响——基于公共服务动机和变革态度的综合分析[J].公共管理学报，14(4):27-43,154.Tan X Y,Liu B C,Wang Y X.2017.Impact of inducements-contributions oriented psychological contracts' difference on public servants' turnover intention—Based on the comprehensive analysis of public service motivation and attitudes to change[J].Journal of Public Management,14(4):27-43,154.(in Chinese) 陶鹏.2016.迟滞、分化及泛化：避责政治与风险规制体制形塑[J].云南社会科学，(6):89-94.Tao P.2016.Stagnation,differentiation and generalisation:The politics of blame avoidance and the institutional shaping of risk regulation[J].Social Sciences in Yunnan,(6):89-94.(in Chinese) 涂文燕，公婷.2022.控制型问责可否有效遏制避责行为?——基于官员行为与制度规范的内在逻辑分析[J].行政论坛，29(5):52-60.Tu W Y,Gong T.2022.Can control-based accountability effectively prevent blame avoidance?—An analysis of the inner logic of official behavior and institutional regulation[J].Administrative Tribune,29(5):52-60.(in Chinese) 王惠娜.2020.没有竞争的治污锦标赛：G市小流域“赛水质”的案例分析[J].学术研究，(7):71-76.Wang H N.2020.Tournament without competition in pollution governance:Case study on the water quality competition of small watershed in G city[J].Academic Research,(7):71-76.(in Chinese) 王英，魏姝，吴少微，等.2022.场域理论下公务员避责行为生成机制的实证研究[J].中南大学学报(社会科学版),28(5):167-181.Wang Y,Wei S,Wu S W,et al.2022.An empirical study on the generation mechanism of civil servants' blame avoidance behavior under the Field Theory[J].Journal of Central South University (Social Sciences),28(5):167-181.(in Chinese) 文宏，张书.2017.官员“为官不为”影响因素的实证分析——基于A省垂直系统的数据[J].中国行政管理，(10):100-107.Wen H,Zhang S.2017.An empirical analysis of the factors affecting officials' “Talking Big but Doing Nothing”—Data based on vertical system in province A[J].Chinese Public Administration,(10):100-107.(in Chinese) 温忠麟，黄彬彬，汤丹丹.2018.问卷数据建模前传[J].心理科学，41(1):204-210.Wen Z L,Huang B B,Tang D D.2018.Preliminary work for modeling questionnaire data[J].Journal of Psychological Science,41(1):204-210.(in Chinese) 吴金兴，祝哲.2023.“行为人”视角下的避责逻辑与协同治理——一项情景实验[J].公共管理评论，5(3):131-151.Wu J X,Zhu Z.2023.Blame avoidance motivation and collaborative governance from the perspective of behavioral public administration:A vignette experiment based on hazardous chemicals management[J].China Public Administration Review,5(3):131-151.(in Chinese) 武永超.2021.公共服务动机的中介作用与风险感知的调节作用[J].北京社会科学，(10):97-107.Wu Y C.2021.The mediating role of public service motivation and the moderating role of risk perception[J].Social Sciences of Beijing,(10):97-107.(in Chinese) 许珂，张芳文.2024.力微任重：目标责任考核下的基层官员避责行为研究[J].公共管理评论，6(2):160-184.Xu K,Zhang F W.2024.Small force,heavy task:A study of grassroots officials' blame avoidance behavior under the target responsibility assessment[J].China Public Administration Review,6(2):160-184.(in Chinese) 杨铃，陈晓蓉，张汝立，等.2023.数字时代青年社会治理共同体意识的培育机制研究[J].公共管理评论，5(2):162-187.Yang L,Chen X R,Zhang R L,et al.2023.A study of the mechanisms to cultivate an awareness of a social governance community among youth in the digital era[J].China Public Administration Review,5(2):162-187.(in Chinese) 元帅，陈志霞，郭金元.2022.公共服务动机对基层公务员主动性行为的影响研究[J].公共管理与政策评论，11(3):52-63.Yuan S,Chen Z X,Guo J Y.2022.A research on the effects of front-line civil servants' public service motivation on proactive behaviors[J].Public Administration and Policy Review,11(3):52-63.(in Chinese) 张爱卿.2003.归因理论研究的新进展[J].教育研究与实验，(1):38-41.Zhang A Q.2003.New advances in attributional theory[J].Educational Research and Experiment,(1):38-41.(in Chinese) 张力伟.2018.从共谋应对到“分锅”避责：基层政府行为新动向——基于一项环境治理的案例研究[J].内蒙古社会科学(汉文版),39(6):30-35.Zhang L W.2018.From collusion coping to sub-pot resilience:New trends in grassroots government behavior—Based on a case study of environmental governance[J].Inner Mongolia Social Sciences,39(6):30-35.(in Chinese) 张正军，张丽君，马红鸽.2018.公共服务动机研究的兴起和发展[J].西安财经学院学报，31(1):111-122.Zhang Z J,Zhang L J,Ma H G.2018.The rise and development of public service motivation research[J].Journal of Xi'an University of Finance and Economics,31(1):111-122.(in Chinese) 周浩，龙立荣.2004.共同方法偏差的统计检验与控制方法[J].心理科学进展，12(6):942-950.Zhou H,Long L R.2004.Statistical remedies for common method biases[J].Advances in Psychological Science,12(6):942-950.(in Chinese) 邹东升.2020.信访属地管理偏误下基层政府的困惑与解惑——自利与避责的分析框架[J].行政论坛，27(6):42-50.Zou D S.2020.Perplexity and solution of the basic-level government with the bias and mistakes of the territorial management in petition system—An analytical framework of self-interest and avoidance[J].Administrative Tribune,27(6):42-50.(in Chinese) Bakker A B.2015.A job demands-resources approach to public service motivation[J].Public Administration Review,75(5):723-732. Baron R M,Kenny D A.1986.The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research:Conceptual,strategic,and statistical considerations[J].Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,51(6):1173-1182. Borst R T.2018.Comparing work engagement in people-changing and people-processing service providers:A mediation model with red tape,autonomy,dimensions of PSM,and performance[J].Public Personnel Management,47(3):287-313. Bozeman B.1993.A theory of government ‘red tape’[J].Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory,3(3):273-303. Bozeman B,Scott P.1996.Bureaucratic red tape and formalization:Untangling conceptual knots[J].The American Review of Public Administration,26(1):1-17. Camilleri E.2007.Antecedents affecting public service motivation[J].Personnel Review,36(3):356-377. Cooke D K,Brant K K,Woods J M.2019.The role of public service motivation in employee work engagement:A test of the job demands-resources model[J].International Journal of Public Administration,42(9):765-775. Davis R S,Pink-Harper S A.2016.Connecting knowledge of rule-breaking and perceived red tape:How behavioral attribution influences red tape perceptions[J].Public Performance & Management Review,40(1):181-200. DeHart-Davis L,Pandey S K.2005.Red tape and public employees:Does perceived rule dysfunction alienate managers?[J].Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory,15(1):133-148. Feeney M K,DeHart-Davis L.2009.Bureaucracy and public employee behavior:A case of local government[J].Review of Public Personnel Administration,29(4):311-326. Feeney M K,Rainey H G.2010.Personnel flexibility and red tape in public and nonprofit organizations:Distinctions due to institutional and political accountability[J].Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory,20(4):801-826. Feeney M K.2012.Organizational red tape:A measurement experiment[J].Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory,22(3):427-444. Flom H,Post A E.2016.Blame avoidance and policy stability in developing democracies:The politics of public security in Buenos Aires[J].Comparative Politics,49(1):23-46. Hood C.2014.Accountability and Blame-Avoidance[M]//Bovens M,Goodin R,Schillemans T.The Oxford Handbook of Public Accountability.Oxford:Oxford University Press,603-616. Howlett M.2014.Why are policy innovations rare and so often negative?Blame avoidance and problem denial in climate change policy-making[J].Global Environmental Change,29:395-403. Jacobsen C B,Jakobsen M L.2018.Perceived organizational red tape and organizational performance in public services[J].Public Administration Review,78(1):24-36. Lazarus R S,Folkman S.1984.Stress,appraisal,and coping[M].New York:Springer. LePine M A,Zhang Y,Crawford E R,et al.2016.Turning their pain to gain:Charismatic leader influence on follower stress appraisal and job performance[J].Academy of Management Journal,59(3):1036-1059. Liu B C,Yang K F,Yu W.2015.Work-Related stressors and health-related outcomes in public service:Examining the role of public service motivation[J].The American Review of Public Administration,45(6):653-673. Mackey J D,Perrewé P L.2014.The AAA (appraisals,attributions,adaptation) model of job stress:The critical role of self-regulation[J].Organizational Psychology Review,4(3):258-278. Moon M J,Bretschneiber S.2002.Does the perception of red tape constrain IT innovativeness in organizations?Unexpected results from a simultaneous equation model and implications[J].Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory,12(2):273-292. Perry J L,Hondeghem A.2008.Building theory and empirical evidence about public service motivation[J].International Public Management Journal,11(1):3-12. Ryan R M,Deci E L.2000.Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation,social development,and well-being[J].American Psychologist,55(1):68-78. Scott P G,Pandey S K.2005.Red tape and public service motivation:Findings from a national survey of managers in state health and human services agencies[J].Review of Public Personnel Administration,25(2):155-180. Van Loon N M,Leisink P L M,Knies E,et al.2016.Red tape:Developing and validating a new job-centered measure[J].Public Administration Review,76(4):662-673. Weiner B.2000.Intrapersonal and interpersonal theories of motivation from an attributional perspective[J].Educational Psychology Review,12(1):1-14.
• (1)学历、行政级别百分比与100%有0.01%的差距。这里并非数据出现谬误,而是由于四舍五入的影响。