马奇与欧森的新制度主义遗产——评Rediscovering Institutions:The Organizational Basis of PoliticsJames G.March and Johan P.Olsen's Legacy to the New Institutionalism:Comments on Rediscovering Institutions:The Organizational Basis of Politics
马雪松
摘要(Abstract)：
作为新制度主义政治学的倡导者,马奇与欧森基于组织理论构建出制度分析框架,将制度视作新的政治理论的核心范畴。由于具有卡耐基学派的学术渊源与政治学的学科取向,马奇与欧森的组织理论与制度理论有别于经典的科层组织模型以及组织社会学的新制度主义学派。马奇与欧森在其著作中探讨政治的制度视角与制度理论的构成要素,考察政治制度作为规则系统与意义结构如何为变迁赋予基本框架,进而关注制度的评价问题与适宜逻辑,并在回应质疑的基础上修正自身理论。马奇与欧森的研究成果推动政治学者形成新制度主义身份认同,蕴含丰富的学术资源并容纳组织理论的解释逻辑,但也在一定程度上割裂制度理论的研究谱系,遮蔽其同宏观学科背景的内在关联。
关键词(KeyWords)： 马奇;欧森;新制度主义政治学;规范制度主义
基金项目(Foundation): 吉林大学廉政建设专项研究课题“腐败治理进程中道德建设与制度建设的关系定位研究”(2017LZY001)的阶段性成果,吉林大学廉政研究与教育中心支持
作者(Author): 马雪松
参考文献(References)：
- (1)马雪松:《新制度主义政治学的流派演进与发展反思》,《理论探索》2017年第3期。
- (1)James G.March and Johan P.Olsen,“The New Institutionalism:Organizational Factors in Political Science,”American Political Science Review, 1984(3),pp.734-749.
- (2)Robert E.Goodin and Hans-Dieter Klingemann,A New Handbook of Political Science,Oxford:Oxford University Press, 1996,p.19.
- (3)马雪松:《政治世界的制度逻辑——新制度主义政治学理论研究》,光明日报出版社,2013,第233页。
- (4)James G.March and Johan P.Olsen,Rediscovering Institutions:The Organizational Basis of Politics,New York:The Free Press,1989,p.1,p.161.该书中文译本为詹姆斯·马奇、约翰·奥尔森:《重新发现制度——政治的组织基础》,张伟译,三联书店,2011。本文对该书的评述主要基于英文原版,并部分参考了中文译本。中国人民大学出版社编辑于晨为本文写作提供了必要的英文资料,在此表示感谢。
- (5)R.A.W.Rhodes,Sarah A.Binder,and Bert A.Rockman,The Oxford Handbook of Political Institutions,Oxford:Oxford University Press,2006,p.4.
- (6)Bo Rothstein,Just Institutions Matter,The Moral and Political Logic of the Universal Welfare State, New York:Cambridge University Press,1998,p.3.
- (1)Robert E.Goodin and Hans-Dieter Klingemann,A New Handbook of Political Science, Oxford:Oxford University Press,1996,pp.31-34.
- (2)赫伯特·西蒙:《人类活动中的理性》,胡怀国、冯科译,广西师范大学出版社,2016,第125页。
- (3)W.Richard Scott,Institutions and Organizations:Ideas,Interests,and Identities,London:Sage Publication Ltd.,2014,p.29.
- (4)理查德·斯科特、杰拉尔德.戴维斯:《组织理论——理性、自然与开放系统的视角》,中国人民大学出版社,2011,第130~131页。
- (1)詹姆斯·马奇、赫伯特·西蒙:《组织》,邵冲译,机械工业出版社,2017,第xix、xxviii页。
- (2)詹姆斯·马奇:《马奇论管理》,丁丹译,东方出版社,2010,序言,第6页。
- (3)理查德·斯科特、杰拉尔德·戴维斯:《组织理论——理性、自然与开放系统的视角》,中国人民大学出版社,2011,第296~297页。
- (4)Walter W.Powell and Paul J.DiMaggio,The New Institutionalism in Organizational Analysis,Chicago:The University of Chicago Press,1991,pp.9-10.
- (5)James G.March,"The Business Firm as a Political Coalition,"Journal of Politics, 1962(4), pp.662-678.
- (6)B.Guy Peters,Institutional Theory in Political Science:The New Institutionalism,London:Continuum,2011,p.45.
- (7)Walter W.Powell and Paul J. DiMaggio,The New Institutionalism in Organizational Analysis,Chicago:The University of Chicago Press,1991, p.19.
- (8)W.Richard Scott,Institutions and Organizations:Ideas,Interests,and Identities,London:Sage Publication Ltd.,2014,p.39.
- (1)Michael M.Atkinaon,"Review:Rediscovering Institutions,"Canadian Journal of Political Science,1990(4),pp.843-844.
- (2)James G.March and Johan P.Olsen,Rediscovering Institutions:The Organizational Basis of Politics,New York:The Free Press,1989,pp.171-172.
- (3)James G.March and Johan P.Olsen,Rediscovering Institutions:The Organizational Basis of Politics,New York:The Free Press,1989,pp.2-3.
- (1)James G.March and Johan P.Olsen,Rediscovering Institutions:The Organizational Basis of Politics,New York:The Free Press,1989,p.118.
- (2)R.A.W.Rhodes, Sarah A.Binder,and Bert A.Rockman,The Oxford Handbook of Political Institutions,Oxford:Oxford University Press,2006,p.4.
- (3)James G.March and Johan P.Olsen,Rediscovering Institutions:The Organizational Basis of Politics,New York:The Free Press,1989,p.53,p.67.
- (4)R.A.W.Rhodes,Sarah A.Binder,and Bert A.Rockman,The Oxford Handbook of Political Institutions,Oxford:Oxford University Press,2006,p.4.
- (1)James G.March and Johan P.Olsen, Rediscovering Institutions:The Organizational Basis of Politics, New York:The Free Press,1989,p.53,p.67.
- (2)R.A.W.Rhodes,Sarah A.Binder,and Bert A.Rockman,The Oxford Handbook of Political Institutions,Oxford:Oxford University Press,2006,p.10.
- (3)Elinor Ostrom,"Book Review:Rediscovering Institutions,"Public Choice, 1991(3),pp.95-96.
- (4)Christopher Hood,"Book Review:Rediscovering Institutions,"Journal of Public Policy, 1990(3),pp.349-351.
- (1)R.A.W.Rhodes,Sarah A.Binder,and Bert A.Rockman,The Oxford Handbook of Political Institutions,Oxford:Oxford University Press,2006,p.4.
- (2)汪丁丁、韦森、姚洋:《制度经济学三人谈》,北京大学出版社,2005,第33页。
- (3)张欢:《青木昌彦的比较制度分析》,《公共管理评论》2004年第1期。
- (4)大卫·马什、格里·斯托克:《政治科学的理论与方法》,景跃进等译,中国人民大学出版社,2006,第96页。
- (5)Walter W.Powell and Paul J.DiMaggio,The New Institutionalism in Organizational Analysis,Chicago:The University of Chicago Press,1991,p.19.
- (6)W.Richard Scott,Institutions and Organizations:Ideas,Interests,and Identities, London:Sage Publication Ltd.,2014,p.183.
- (7)B.Guy Peters,Institutional Theory in Political Science:The New Institutionalism, London:Continuum,2011,p.33.
- (8)R.A.W.Rhodes,Sarah A.Binder,and Bert A.Rockman,The Oxford Handbook of Political Institutions,Oxford:Oxford University Press,2006,p.10.
- (1)Christopher Hood,"Book Review:Rediscovering Institutions,"Journal of Public Policy,1990(3),pp.349-351.
- (2)Michael M.Atkinson,"Review:Rediscovering Institutions,"Canadian Journal of Political Science,1990(4),pp.843-844.
- (3)B.Guy Peters,Institutional Theory in Political Science:The New Institutionalism,London:Continuum,2011,p.37.
- (4)R.A.W.Rhodes,Sarah A.Binder,and Bert A.Rockman,The Oxford Handbook of Political Institutions,Oxford:Oxford University Press,2006,p.14.
- (5)马雪松:《社会科学中的新制度主义政治学——一项学科史考察》,《比较政治学研究》2018年第1期。
- (6)Elinor Ostrom,"Book Review:Rediscovering Institutions,"Public Choice,1991(3),pp.95-96.
- (7)W.Richard Scott,Institutions and Organizations:Ideas,Interests,and Identities,London:Sage Publication Ltd.,2014,p.17,pp.19-20.
- (8)Gunnar Sjoblom,“Some Critical Remarks on March and Olsen's Rediscovering Institutions,”Journal of Theoretical Politics, 1993(3),pp.397-407.
- (1)Christopher Hood,“Book Review:Rediscovering Institutions,”Journal of Public Policy,1990(3),pp.349-351.
- (2)马奇在分析组织学习与制度适应时,使用了语音相近且语带双关的“采掘”(exploitation)与“勘探”(exploration)这两个术语。马奇认为,采掘指对于蕴藏在历史经验中的已有知识、规则及惯例的利用,勘探指对于尚待了解的知识、规则及惯例的探究;忽视前者可能导致无法真正领会所发现之物的潜在价值,忽视后者则可能在变动不居的世界中落伍。具体可参见James G. March,“Exploraion and Exploitation in Organizational Learning,”Organizational Science,1991(2),pp.71-87。
- (3)Robert Adcock,Mark Bevir,and Shannon C.Stimson,Modern Political Science:Anglo-American EEchanges ince 1880,Princeton:Princeton University Press,2007,p.259.
- (4)Jamee G.March and Johan P.Olsen,“The New Institutionalism:Organizational Factors in Political Science,”merican Political Sience Review,1984(3),pp.734-749.
- (5)R.A.W.Rhodes,Sarah A.Binder,and Bert A.Rockman,The Oxford Handbook of Political Institutions,Oxford:Oxford University Press,2006,p.4.
- (1)B.Guy Peters,Institutional Theory in Political Science:The New Institutionalism, London:Continuum,2011,p.25.
- (2)R.A.W.Rhodes,Sarah A.Binder,and Bert A.Rockman,The Oxford Handbook of Political Institutions,Oxford:Oxford University Press,2006,pp.4-5.
- (3)B.Guy Peters,Institutional Theory in Political Science:The New Institutionalism, London:Continuum,2011,p.26.
- (4)Peter A.Hall and C.R.Taylor,"Political Science and the Three New Institutionalisms,"Political Studies,1996(4),pp.936-957.
- (5)B.Guy Peters,Institutional Theory in Political Science:The New Institutionalism, London:Continuum,2011,p.47.
- (6)Walter W.Powell and Paul J.DiMaggio,The New Institutionalism in Organizational Analysis,Chicago:The University of Chicago Press,1991,p.18.
- (7)理查德·斯科特、杰拉尔德·戴维斯:《组织理论——理性、自然与开放系统的视角》,中国人民大学出版社,2011,第294、297页。
- (1)Ira Katznelson and Helen V.Milner,Political Science:State of the Discipline,New York:W.W.Norton Company,2002,pp.601-602.
- (2)马雪松:《新制度主义政治学的流派演进与发展反思》,《理论探索》2017年第3期。
- (3)Robert Adcock,Mark Bevir,and Shannon C.Stimson, Modern Political Science:Anglo-American Exchanges Since 1880,Princeton:Princeton University Press,2007,p.272.
- (4)马雪松:《社会科学中的新制度主义政治学——一项学科史考察》,《比较政治学研究》2018年第1期。