徐刚

• 1:广州新华学院
• 2:华南师范大学政治与公共管理学院

摘要(Abstract)：

微公益创投作为联结社区内外资源的新型公益资助载体，是撬动社区营造的有力推手。本文从补短板意识出发反向预设“能力堕距”分析框架，选取A新市民社区为样本展开微公益创投如何持续撬动社区营造的在地化分析。研究发现，社区营造试点中微公益创投构建了社区增权赋能机制，但其“1+N+X+党建”模式带来的赋权成效中存在运行机制偏差化、造血机制阻滞性及接替机制悬浮化的增能差距，形成了“能力堕距”现象。“能力堕距”产生的内在逻辑是“新两委”和“老两委”的主体对接冲突及相应的资源联结梗阻和工作承接障碍。为此，有必要在凸显主体治理的基础上，通过提升“新两委”发展活性和内生力弥合增能与赋权之间的张力，从而以微公益创投由扎根到生根撬动新市民社区从共营造到自营造。

关键词(KeyWords)： 微公益创投;能力堕距;主体治理;社区营造

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation): 国家社会科学基金年度项目“机构编制资源统筹改革的试点逻辑及学习策略研究”(项目批准号:20BGL216)资助

作者(Author): 徐刚

参考文献(References)：

• 陈剑，黄朔，刘运辉.2020.从赋能到使能——数字化环境下的企业运营管理[J].管理世界，36(2):117-128.Chen J,Huang S,Liu Y H.2020.Operations management in the digitization era:From empowering to enabling[J].Management World,36(2):117-128.(in Chinese)
• 陈伟东.2015.赋权社区：居民自治的一种可行性路径——以湖北省公益创投大赛为个案[J].社会科学家，(6):8-14.Chen W D.2015.Empowerment community:A feasible path of residents’ autonomy—taking hubei province public welfare venture capital competition as a single case[J].Social Scientist,(6):8-14.(in Chinese)
• 陈洋.2019.社会工作机构运行参与式社区营造个案研究[D].青岛：青岛大学.Chen Y.2019.Social Work Agency Run Participatory Community Building Case Study [D].Qingdao :University of Qingdao.
• 刘欢欢.2017.社会工作机构参与社区营造的实践研究——以X社会工作服务社为例[D].扬州：扬州大学.Liu H H.2017.Practical Research of Social Work Institutions Participating in Community Building—Taking X Social Work Service as an example [D].Yangzhou :Yangzhou University.
• 陈永杰.2017.中国式公益创投何去何从[J].中国社会工作，(7):1.Chen Y J.2017.Chinese-style public welfare venture capital where to go from where[J].China Society Periodical,(7):1.(in Chinese)
• 崔光胜，耿静.2015.公益创投：政府购买社会服务的新载体——以湖北公益创投实践为例[J].湖北社会科学 ,(1):57-62.Cui G Sh,Geng J.2015.Public welfare venture capital:A new carrier for the government to purchase social services—Taking the practice of public welfare venture capital in Hubei province as an example [J].Hubei Social Science,(1):57-62.
• 傅金鹏.2013.社会组织提供公共服务的问责工具分析——以地方公益创投为例[J].中国行政管理，(10):36-41.Fu J P.2013.Analysis of accountability tools on social organization providing public service:Examples from local venture philanthropy[J].Chinese Public Administration,(10):36-41.(in Chinese)
• 广东省佛山市顺德区社会工作委员会.2018.社会工作视角下的家园建设——顺德社区营造本土实践研究[J].社会与公益，(6):6-29.Shunde District Social Work Committee,Foshan City,Guangdong Province.2018.Home construction from the social work perspective—C community building local practice research[J].Society and Public Welfare,(6):6-29.(in Chinese)
• 郝雅立，王亚楠.2017.能力堕距：治理现代化背景下公务员队伍建设与发展问题研究[J].中国人力资源开发，(4):130-138.Hao Y L,Wang Y N.2017.Ability lag:An analysis of the construction and development of civil servants under the background of modernized administration[J].Human Resources Development of China,(4):130-138.(in Chinese)
• 黄杰.2013.文化堕距视角中的江湖文化批判[J].江苏社会科学，(6):147-150.Huang J.2013.Cultural criticism of jianghu culture in the perspective of cultural abortion[J].Jiangsu Social Sciences,(6):147-150.(in Chinese)
• 李健，唐娟.2014.政府参与公益创投：模式、机制与政策[J].公共管理与政策评论，3(1):60-68.Li J,Tang J.2014.Government participated venture philanthropy:Model,mechanism and policy[J].Public Administration and Policy Review,3(1):60-68.(in Chinese)
• 梁肖月.2020.自组织过程理论介入社区自组织培育的实务研究——以微公益创投实验为例[J].中国社会工作，(13):23-24.Liang X Y.2020.Self-organization process theory intervention in community self-organization cultivation of practical research—Taking micro public welfare venture capital experiment as an example[J].China Society Periodical,(13):23-24.(in Chinese)
• 刘志阳，李斌.2018.公益创投运行机制研究——兼论与商业创投的异同[J].经济社会体制比较，(3):181-191.Liu Z Y,Li B.2018.The operational mechanism of venture philanthropy and comparison with venture capital[J].Comparative Economic and Social Systems,(3):181-191.(in Chinese)
• 刘志阳，王陆峰.2018.公益创投网络及其治理——基于“结构—治理—绩效”的多案例研究[J].东南学术，(5):146-157.Liu Z Y,Wang L F.2018.Pro bono venture capital network and its governance—Multi-case study based on “structure-governance-performance”[J].Southeast Academic Research,(5) 146-157.(in Chinese)
• 罗伯特·约翰.2010.高度参与的慈善：公益风险投资在欧洲的发展[J].顾冀梅，编译.经济社会体制比较，(4):143-152.Robert John.2010.Highly engaged philanthropy:The development of public interest venture capital in Europe [J].Gu Jimei,trans.Comparison of economic and social systems,(4):143-152.
• 刘学彬.2019.资助主体、运行机制及监督评估——广州、南京公益创投模式比较分析[J].四川行政学院学报，(5):95-104.Liu X B.2019.unding subject,operation mechanism and supervision and evaluation—Guangzhou,Nanjing public welfare venture capital model comparative analysis [J].Journal of Sichuan University of Administration,(5):95-104.
• 吕璐.2019.公益创投助力社区治理创新探究——以黄石市Z社区为例[D].武汉：华中师范大学.Lv L.2019.Research of the innovation of community governance accelerated by venture philanthropy:A case study on Z community atbangs[D].Wuhan:Central China Normal University,2019.(in Chinese)
• 苗青，石浩.2018.撬动社会资源：公益创投评估与 SROI实证应用[J].浙江大学学报(人文社会科学版),48(5):152-165.Miao Q,Shi H.2018.Leveraging social resources:Venture philanthropy evaluation and empirical application of social return on investment[J].Journal of Zhejiang University (Humanities and Social Sciences),48(5):152-165.(in Chinese)
• 任鹏飞.2019.城市治理现代化进程中多重堕距的生成与弥合[J].求实，(3):76-85.Ren P F.2019.Generation and bridging of multi-lag in the process of urban governance modernization[J].Reality,(3):76-85.(in Chinese)
• 顺德区社会创新中心.2020.顺德区社区营造示范点建设工作指导手册(修订版)[Z].佛山：顺德区委政法委员会.Shunde District Social Innovation Center.2020.Guidance manual for the construction of community construction demonstration site in district C (revised edition)[Z].Foshan:Political and Legal Committee of Shunde District Party committee,2020.(in Chinese)
• 孙自然.2018.公益创投：创新社会组织发展的路径研究——以苏州市实践为例[D].苏州：苏州大学.Sun Z R.2018.Venture philanthropy:A study on the path of innovating social organization’s development—Based on the practice of Suzhou[D].Suzhou:Soochow University.(in Chinese)
• 王春.2018.公益创投的生态困境及主体策略——基于S市地方性实践探索[J].长白学刊，(3):126-133.Wang C.2018.Ecological dilemma and main strategy of public welfare venture capital—Based on the local practice of S city[J].Changbai Journal,(3):126-133.(in Chinese)
• 王琪，陈昭.2017.央地关系：制度堕距与改革的内卷化困境[J].山东社会科学，(5):132-139.Wang Q,Chen Z.2017.The relationship between central and local governments:The dilemma of institutional abortion distance and reform[J].Shandong Social Science,(5):132-139.(in Chinese)
• 威廉·费尔丁·奥本格.1989.社会变迁——关于文化和先天的本质[M].王晓毅，陈育国，译，杭州：浙江人民出版社.William F A.1989.Social change—On the culture and innate essence[M].Wang Xiaoyi,Chen Yuguo,trans.Hangzhou:Zhejiang People’s Publishing House.
• 吴海红，郭圣莉.2018.从社区建设到社区营造：十八大以来社区治理创新的制度逻辑和话语变迁[J].深圳大学学报(人文社会科学版),35(2):107-115.Wu H H,Guo S L.2018.From community building to community development:Institutional logic and discourse changes in community governance innovations since the 18th CPC national congress[J].Journal of Shenzhen University (Humanities & Social Sciences),35(2):107-115.(in Chinese)
• 谢秋山.2015.地方政府职能堕距与社会公共领域治理困境——基于广场舞冲突案例的分析[J].公共管理学报，12(3):23-32.Xie Q S.2015.Local government function lag and predicament of public governance in social public sphere:Based on analysis of events of square dance clashes[J].Journal of Public Management,12(3):23-32.(in Chinese)
• 谢正富.2019.微公益创投：社会微治理资源整合模式创新[J].云南行政学院学报，(5):130-136.Xie Z F.2019.Micro-public welfare venture capital:social micro-governance resource integration mode innovation [J].Journal of Yunnan University of Administration,(5):130-136.
• 辛秋水.2004.制度堕距与制度改进——对安徽省五县十二村村民自治问卷调查的研究报告[J].福建论坛·人文社会科学版，(9):107-110.Xin Q S.2004.Cultural lag and institutional improvement—A report of questionnaire survey on villagers’ self-governance in 12 villages of 5 counties in Anhui province[J].Fujian Tribune (The Humanities & Social Sciences Bimonthly),(9):107-110.(in Chinese)
• 叶南客，陈金城.2010.我国“三社联动”的模式选择与策略研究[J].南京社会科学，(12):11-21.Ye N K,Chen J C.2010.Study on the model selection and strategy research of “linkage of community,social organization and social workers”[J].Social Sciences in Nanjing,(12):11-21.(in Chinese)
• 尹浩.2016.“无权”到“赋权”:城市基层社会治理的新机制——以H省城市社区公益创投活动为分析对象[J].南昌大学学报(人文社会科学版),47(5):22-28.Yin H.2016.“Depower” to “Empower”:New governance mechanism of urban society[J].Journal of Nanchang University (Humanities & Social Sciences),47(5):22-28.(in Chinese)
• 查淑华.2019.铜陵市多点发力助推微公益创投项目[J].中国社会组织，(16):60.Zha Sh H.2019.Tongling city makes more efforts to boost the micro public welfare venture capital project [J].Social organizations in China,(16):60.
• 张凤荣.2018.大数据社会治理研究的理论进展与政策堕距分析[J].学海，(2):36-42.Zhang F R.2018.Big data in social governance:Theoretical progress and policy lag[J].Academia Bimestrie,(2):36-42.(in Chinese)
• 张桂敏，吴湘玲.2018.文化堕距理论视角下农民工市民化“困境”与“出路”的分析[J].云南社会科学，(3):136-143.Zhang G M,Wu X L.2018.From the perspective of cultural abortion theory,the “dilemma” of migrant workers’ citizenization and analysis of the “the way out”[J].Social Sciences in Yunan,(3):136-143.(in Chinese)
• 赵旭，吴清薇.2018.社区微公益创投的存在与发展逻辑探析[J].现代商贸工业，(31):124.Zhao X,Wu Q W.2018.Analysis on logic of the existence and development of micro-public welfare venture capital in community [J].Modern trade and industry,(31):124.
• 赵华，孙雨静.2017.合肥市蜀山区西园街道启动“社区社会组织微公益创投”项目[J].中国社会组织，(1):47.Zhao H,Sun Y J.2017.Xiyuan street,shushan district,Hefei city,launched the “community social organization micro-public welfare venture capital” project[J].China Social Organization,(1):47.(in Chinese)
• 中国共产党第十九届中央委员会.2019-11-06(6).中共中央关于坚持和完善中国特色社会主义制度推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化若干重大问题的决定[N].人民日报.
• 中国共产党第十九届中央委员会.2021-11-17(5).中共中央关于党的百年奋斗重大成就和历史经验的决议[N].人民日报.
• 周如南，王蓝，伍碧怡，等.2017.公益创投的本土实践与模式创新——基于广州、佛山和中山三地的比较研究[J].经济社会体制比较，(5):126-135.Zhou R N,Wang L,Wu B Y,et al.2017.Local practice and innovation of venture philanthropy:Comparative studies of Guangzhou,Foshan and Zhongshan[J].Comparative Economic and Social Systems,(5):126-135.(in Chinese)
• 朱照南，马季.2016.公益创投的美国经验 [J].中国社会组织，(2):18-21.Zhu Zh N,Ma J.2016.American Experience in Public Venture Capital [J].Social organizations in China,(2):18-21.
• Cummings A M,Hehenberger L.2011.A guide to venture philanthropy for venture capital and private equity investors[R].European Venture Philanthropy Association.
• Howard W.2017.Venture philanthropy straddles two worlds[J].Managed Care,26(6):22-26.
• Leborgne-Bonassié M,Coletti M,Sansone G.2019.What do venture philanthropy organisations seek in social enterprises?[J].Business Strategy & Development,2(4):349-357.
• Lin P.2018.Research on the influence factor and practical process of venture philanthropy[J].Open Journal of Social Sciences,6(1):175-187.
• López J C,Suojanen C.2019.Harnessing venture philanthropy to accelerate medical progress[J].Nature Reviews Drug Discovery,18(11):809-810.
• Michael M.2008.“Building a Culture”:The Construction and Evolution of Venture Philanthropy as a New Organizatioal Field[J].Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly,37(2):324-352.
• (1)根据“智爱·A”微公益创投大赛规则的界定,合法商企主要包括物管公司、律师事务所、教育培训机构、个体户等;而其所称的自组织包括登记在册的“义”家人党群先锋队、业委会、健身队等;居民则为不受户籍限制、居住在A社区辖区内各楼盘的住户。
• (2)2015年以来,在市委组织部牵头下,C区围绕“堡垒型+服务型”党建主线,落实“520工程”理念,引导机关服务资源向村(社区)基层下沉,补足区域内党建资源短板;而A社区则探索出将党建优势转化为发展优势的“一元多核”党建治理模式。资料来源:笔者依据B镇A区社区情报站宣传资料整理。