彭川宇,梁艳,袁国平

• 1:西南交通大学公共管理学院

摘要(Abstract)：

公共部门领导者的领导风格对基层公务员创新行为有重要影响。本研究基于社会交换和社会认同理论,构建了服务型领导与基层公务员创新行为的影响模型。运用问卷调查法,对694份基层公务员样本数据进行实证分析,研究发现:服务型领导对基层公务员创新行为具有显著的正向促进作用;职业认同和职业韧性在服务型领导与基层公务员创新行为之间起到链式中介作用;此外,公共服务动机负向调节上述链式中介效应,公共服务动机越低,职业认同和职业韧性在服务型领导与基层公务员创新行为之间的链式中介作用越强。研究结果有助于厘清服务型领导影响基层公务员创新行为的作用机制,并为公共部门激励基层公务员创新活动提供一定的实践启示。

关键词(KeyWords)： 服务型领导;职业认同;职业韧性;公共服务动机;基层公务员创新行为

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation): 国家社会科学基金一般项目“城市引进人才政策评价与优化研究”(项目批准号:20BZZ079)资助

作者(Author): 彭川宇,梁艳,袁国平

参考文献(References)：

• 陈鼎祥,刘帮成.2021.基层公务员变革担当行为的形成机理研究---公共服务动机的涓滴效应检验[J].公共管理评论,3(1):47-67.Chen D X,Liu B C.2021.A study on the formation mechanism for the taking-charge behavior of street-level civil servants:An examination of the trickle-down effects of public service motivation[J].China Public Administration Review,3(1):47-67.(in Chinese)
• 陈佩,杨付,石伟.2016.公仆型领导:概念、测量、影响因素与实施效果[J].心理科学进展,24(1):143-157.Chen P,Yang F,Shi W.2016.Servant leadership:Concept,measurements,influencing factors,and consequences[J].Advances in Psychological Science,24(1):143-157.(in Chinese)
• 陈文春,张义明,陈桂生.2018.从职业认同到工作投入:公共服务动机的中介作用与自我效能感的调节作用[J].中国人力资源开发,35(2):118-128.Chen W C,Zhang Y M,Chen G S.2018.Linking professional identification to work engagement:The mediating role of public service motivation and the moderating role of self-efficacy[J].Human Resources Development of China,35 (2):118-128.(in Chinese)
• 陈振明,郁建兴,姜晓萍,等.2022.党的百年奋斗:治理经验与历史成就高端圆桌对话[J].公共管理与政策评论,11(1):3-18.Chen Z M,Yu J X,Jiang X P,et al.2022.CPC'historical experience over the past century:Governance experience and historical achievements roundtable discussion[J].Public Administration and Policy Review,11(1):3-18.(in Chinese)
• 程春梅,丁鹏飞,王继红.2015.团队成员认知风格对团队成员创新前摄行为的影响机理---基于研发团队成员的实证分析[J].现代财经(天津财经大学学报),35(7):79-90.Cheng C M,Ding P F,Wang J H.2015.Influence mechanism of cognitive style of team member on innovation proactive behavior of team member:Buffer function of team psychological safety sense and mediating function of psychological capital of team member[J].Modern Finance and Economics-Journal of Tianjin University of Finance and Economics,35(7):79-90.(in Chinese)
• 董雅楠,韩旭,杨博,等.2014.心理资本对个体创新绩效作用机制的个案研究---以钱学森的生平事迹为例[J].管理案例研究与评论,7(3):233-247.Dong Y N,Han X,Yang B,et al.2014.Case study of the action mechanism of psychological capital on individual innovative performance:Taking the life story of Qian Xuesen as an example[J].Journal of Management Case Studies,7(3):233-247.(in Chinese)
• 韩勇,陶建平.2011.我国公共部门服务型领导研究---以广西为例[J].领导科学,(5):4-6.Han Y,Tao J P.2011.Research on service-oriented leadership in China'public sector:case study of Guangxi[J].Leadership Science,(5):4-6.(in Chinese)
• 李超平,毛凯贤.2018.服务型领导影响工作繁荣的动态双向机制[J].心理科学进展,26(10):1734-1748.Li C P,Mao K X.2018.The dynamic and reciprocal effects of servant leadership on thriving at work[J].Advances in Psychological Science,26 (10):1734-1748.(in Chinese)
• 李红玉,刘云硕.2020.服务型领导对员工创新行为的影响研究---基于个体内在视角[J].技术经济,39(11):147-153.Li H Y,Liu Y S.2020.Servant leadership and innovative behavior:The internal perspective of individuals[J].Journal of Technology Economics,39(11):147-153.(in Chinese)
• 林琼,熊节春.2018.公共服务动机对公务员工作倦怠的影响[J].江西社会科学,38(5):235-242.Lin Q,Xiong J C.2018.The influence of public service motivation on civil servants'job burnout[J].Jiangxi Social Sciences,38(5):235-242.(in Chinese)
• 林亚清,张宇卿.2019.领导成员交换关系会影响公务员变革型组织公民行为吗?---变革义务感的中介作用与公共服务动机的调节作用[J].公共行政评论,12(1):132-150,214-215.Lin Y Q,Zhang Y Q.2019.Does leader-member exchange improve public servants'change-oriented organizational citizenship behavior?-Exploring the mediating role of felt responsibility for change and the moderating role of public service motivation[J].Journal of Public Administration,12(1):132-150,214-215.(in Chinese)
• 刘昕,王许阳,姜炜.2016.我国公务员的工作价值观对工作满意度的影响---以公共服务动机为中介变量[J].中国行政管理,(12):83-88.Liu X,Wang X Y,Jiang W.2016.The impact of Chinese civil servants'work values on job satisfaction[J].Chinese Public Administration,(12):83-88.(in Chinese)
• 马岩.2016.税务领军人才心理资本、公共服务动机与职业成功的关系研究[J].税务研究,(11):88-93.Ma Y.2016.Research on the relationship between psychological capital,public service motivation and career success of tax leading talents[J].Taxation Research,(11):88-93.(in Chinese)
• 任皓,温忠麟,陈启山,等.2013.工作团队领导心理资本对成员组织公民行为的影响机制:多层次模型[J].心理学报,45(1):82-93.Ren H,Wen Z L,Chen Q S,et al.2013.The impact mechanism of work team leaders'psychological capital on followers'organizational citizenship behavior:A multilevel model[J].Acta Psychologica Sinica,45(1):82-93.(in Chinese)
• 舒全峰,刘亚禅.2019.公共服务动机、领导力与基层扶贫干部职业倦怠[J].北京社会科学,(7):50-62.Shu Q F,Liu Y C.2019.Public service motivation,leadership and job burnout of grassroots cadres in poverty alleviation[J].Social Sciences of Beijing,(7):50-62.(in Chinese)
• 谭新雨,刘帮成,汪艳霞.2017.激励-贡献导向下心理契约差异对公务员离职倾向的影响---基于公共服务动机和变革态度的综合分析[J].公共管理学报,14(4):27-43.Tan X Y,Liu B C,Wang Y X.2017.Impact of inducements-contributions oriented psychological contracts'difference on public servants'turnover intention-Based on the comprehensive analysis of public service motivation and attitudes to change[J].Journal of Public Management,14(4):27-43.(in Chinese)
• 谭新雨,刘帮成.2020.基层公务员创新何以提升“放管服”改革成效?---基于组织学视角的逻辑解释[J].中国行政管理,(3):83-91.Tan X Y,Liu B C.2020.How can street-level public servants'innovative behaviors improve the effectiveness of“delegating-regulating-servicing”reform?-Logical interpretation based on histological perspective[J].Chinese Public Administration,(3):83-91.(in Chinese)
• 谭新雨,吴维旭.2021.新时代制度环境激励基层干部干事创业的微观逻辑[J].东北大学学报(社会科学版),23(6):82-90.Tan X Y,Wu W X.2021.The micro-logic for institutional environment to motivate grassroots-level public servants'entrepreneurship in the new era[J].Journal of Northeastern University (Social Science),23(6):82-90.(in Chinese)
• 谭新雨.2021.公务员创新行为:文献述评与研究展望[J].公共行政评论,14(2):195-227.Tan X Y.2021.Public employees'innovative behavior:A literature review and future research agenda[J].Journal of Public Administration,14(2):195-227.(in Chinese)
• 唐健,方振邦.2020.服务型领导对公务员创新行为的影响机制[J].上海交通大学学报(哲学社会科学版),28(2):88-98.Tang J,Fang Z B.2020.Impact mechanism of servant leadership on innovative behavior of civil servants[J].Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University (Philosophy and Social Sciences),28(2):88-98.(in Chinese)
• 田红彬,田启涛.2019.服务型领导对员工职业使命感的影响机制研究[J].经济经纬,36(4):126-132.Tian H B,Tian Q T.2019.The impact mechanism of servant-type leadership on employees'sense of calling[J].Economic Survey,36(4):126-132.(in Chinese)
• 田启涛,关浩光.2017.工作设计革命:工作重塑的研究进展及展望[J].中国人力资源开发,(3):6-17.Tian Q T,Guan H G.2017.The revolution of job design:Advances and expectations of job crafting[J].Human Resources Development of China,(3):6-17.(in Chinese)
• 王碧英,高日光.2014.中国组织情境下公仆型领导有效性的追踪研究[J].心理科学进展,22(10):1532-1542.Wang B Y,Gao R G.2014.The effectiveness of servant leadership behaviors in Chinese organizational context:A longitudinal research[J].Advances in Psychological Science,22(10):1532-1542.(in Chinese)
• 王惠雪,李惠萍,窦婉君,等.2017.专科护士职业认同与职业韧性关系中介研究[J].中国医院管理,37(7):72-75.Wang H X,Li H P,Dou W J,et al.2017.Mediating role of professional self-concept in professional identification and career resilience among clinical nurse specialists[J].Chinese Hospital Management,37(7):72-75.(in Chinese)
• 王震,宋萌,彭坚,等.2018.服务创新靠“领导”,还是靠“制度”?服务型领导和服务导向人力资源管理制度对员工服务创新的影响[J].管理评论,30(11):46-56,67.Wang Z,Song M,Peng J,et al.2018.“Leader”or“System”?Understanding the relationship between servant leadership,service-oriented human resource management and employee service innovation[J].Management Review,30 (11):46-56,67.(in Chinese)
• 王智宁,张姝,叶新凤.2020.服务型领导对员工创新行为的跨层影响:组织内自我导航和团队反思的作用[J].中国人力资源开发,37(5):20-32.Wang Z N,Zhang S,Ye X F.2020.The multilevel influence of servant leadership on employee innovative behavior:The role of intraorganizational employee navigation and team reflexivity[J].Human Resources Development of China,37(5):20-32.(in Chinese)
• 温忠麟,黄彬彬,汤丹丹.2018.问卷数据建模前传[J].心理科学,41(1):204-210.Wen Z L,Huang B B,Tang D D.2018.Preliminary work for modeling questionnaire data[J].Journal of Psychological Science,41(1):204-210.(in Chinese)
• 吴艳,温忠麟,林冠群.2009.潜变量交互效应建模:告别均值结构[J].心理学报,41(12):1252-1259.Wu Y,Wen Z L,Lin G Q.2009.Structural equation modeling of latent interactions without using the mean structure[J].Acta Psychologica Sinica,41(12):1252-1259.(in Chinese)
• 吴艳,温忠麟.2011.结构方程建模中的题目打包策略[J].心理科学进展,19(12):1859-1867.Wu Y,Wen Z L.2011.Item parceling strategies in structural equation modeling[J].Advances in Psychological Science,19(12):1859-1867.(in Chinese)
• 张少峰,张彪,卜令通,等.2021.不合规任务对员工创新行为的作用机制研究---基于情绪耗竭和道德型领导视角[J].软科学,35(9):88-92,99.Zhang S F,Zhang B,Bu L T,et al.2021.Research on the mechanism of illegitimate tasks on employees'innovative behaviors-Based on the perspective of emotional exhaustion and ethical leadership[J].Soft Science,35(9):88-92,99.(in Chinese)
• 中共中央办公厅.(2018-05-20)[2022-06-20].关于进一步激励广大干部新时代新担当新作为的意见[EB/OL].http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/2018-05/20/content_5292263.htm.
• 朱晓妹,陈俊荣,周欢情.2020.复杂适应性领导会激发员工创新行为吗?---基于自我决定理论的视角[J].兰州学刊,(11):128-138.Zhu X M,Chen J R,Zhou H Q.2020.Will complex adaptive leadership stimulate employees'innovative behavior?-Based on the perspective of self-determination theory[J].Lanzhou Academic Journal,(11):128-138.(in Chinese)
• 朱正威,吴佳.2020.从实践语汇到学术概念:中国公共管理研究的问题意识与自主性[J].中国行政管理,(1):6-11.Zhu Z W,Wu J.2020.From practical vocabulary to academic concept:The consciousness of question and autonomy of Chinese public administration research[J].Chinese Public Administration,(1):6-11.(in Chinese)
• 庄园.2021.服务型领导理论视域下新生代辅导员工作投入提升策略[J].中国青年研究,(5):95-102.Zhuang Y.2021.Strategies for improving work engagement of new generation counselors from the perspective of service-oriented leadership theory[J].China Youth Study,(5):95-102.(in Chinese)
• Adams K,Hean S,Sturgis P,et al.2006.Investigating the factors influencing professional identity of first-year health and social care students[J].Learning in Health and Social Care,5(2):55-68.
• Bagozzi R P,Yi Y.1988.On the evaluation of structural equation models[J].Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science,16(1):74-94.
• Boldrini E,Sappa V,Aprea C.2019.Which difficulties and resources do vocational teachers perceive?An exploratory study setting the stage for investigating teachers'resilience in Switzerland[J].Teachers and Teaching:Theory and Practice,25(1):125-141.
• Brown R,Condor S,Mathews A,et al.1986.Explaining intergroup differentiation in an industrial organization[J].Journal of Occupational Psychology,59(4):273-286.
• Browne M W,Cudeck R.1993.Alternative ways of assessing model fit[M]//Bollen K A,Long J S.Testing Structural Equation Models.Newbury Park,CA:SAGE,136-162.
• Bysted R,Hansen J R.2015.Comparing public and private sector employees'innovative behaviour:Understanding the role of job and organizational characteristics,job types,and subsectors[J].Public Management Review,17(5):698-717.
• Carmines E G,McIver J P.1981.Analyzing models with unobserved variables:Analysis of covariance structures[M]//Bohrnstedt G W,Borgatta E F.Social Measurement:Current Issues.Beverly Hills,CA:SAGE,65-115.
• Caverley N M.2005.Mapping out occupational resiliency and coping in a public service work setting[D].Victoria:University of Victoria.
• Coursey D H,Pandey S K.2007.Public service motivation measurement:Testing an abridged version of Perry'proposed scale[J].Administration&Society,39(5):547-568.
• Cropanzano R,Mitchell M S.2005.Social exchange theory:An interdisciplinary review[J].Journal of Management,31(6):874-900.
• Edwards J R,Lambert L S.2007.Methods for integrating moderation and mediation:Ageneral analytical framework using moderated path analysis[J].Psychological Methods,12(1):1-22.
• Fang Y C,Chen J Y,Wang M J,et al.2019.The impact of inclusive leadership on employees'innovative behaviors:The mediation of psychological capital[J].Frontiers in Psychology,10:1803.
• Fornell C,Larcker D F.1981.Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error[J].Journal of Marketing Research,18(1):39-50.
• Greenleaf R K.1970.The servant as leader[M].Indianapolis:The Robert K.Greenleaf Center.
• Greenleaf R K.1977.Servant leadership:A journey into the nature of legitimate power and greatness[M].New York:Paulist Press.
• Hansen J A,Pihl-Thingvad S.2019.Managing employee innovative behaviour through transformational and transactional leadership styles[J].Public Management Review,21(6):918-944.
• Hofman J E.1977.Identity and intergroup perception in Israel[J].International Journal of Intercultural Relations,1(3):79-102.
• Hsu I Y,Su T S,Kao C S,et al.2012.Analysis of business safety performance by structural equation models[J].Safety Science,50(1):1-11.
• Ji Y,Yoon H J.2021.The effect of servant leadership on self-efficacy and innovative behaviour:Verification of the moderated mediating effect of vocational calling[J].Administrative Sciences,11(2):39.
• Karakitapo glu-Aygün Z,Gumusluoglu L,Scandura T A.2020.How do different faces of paternalistic leaders facilitate or impair task and innovative performance?Opening the black box[J].Journal of Leadership&Organizational Studies,27(2):138-152.
• Khan M M,Mubarik M S,Islam T,et al.2022.How servant leadership triggers innovative work behavior:Exploring the sequential mediating role of psychological empowerment and job crafting[J].European Journal of Innovation Management,25(4):1037-1055.
• Leisink P,Steijn B.2009.Public service motivation and job performance of public sector employees in the Netherlands[J].International Review of Administrative Sciences,75(1):35-52.
• Liden R C,Wayne S J,Zhao H,et al.2008.Servant leadership:Development of a multidimensional measure and multi-level assessment[J].The Leadership Quarterly,19(2):161-177.
• Liden R C,Wayne S J,Liao C W,et al.2014.Servant leadership and serving culture:Influence on individual and unit performance[J].Academy of Management Journal,57(5):1434-1452.
• Liu B C,Perry J L.2016.The psychological mechanisms of public service motivation:A twowave examination[J].Review of Public Personnel Administration,36(1):4-30.
• London M.1993.Relationships between career motivation,empowerment and support for career development[J].Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology,66(1):55-69.
• Mael F,Ashforth B E.1992.Alumni and their alma mater:A partial test of the reformulated model of organizational identification[J].Journal of Organizational Behavior,13(2):103-123.
• Mao Y H,Roberts S,Pagliaro S,et al.2016.Optimal experience and optimal identity:Amultinational study of the associations between flow and social identity[J].Frontiers in Psychology,7:67.
• Miao Q,Newman A,Schwarz G,et al.2018.How leadership and public service motivation enhance innovative behavior[J].Public Administration Review,78(1):71-81.
• Mom T J M,van den Bosch F A J,Volberda H W.2009.Understanding variation in managers'ambidexterity:Investigating direct and interaction effects of formal structural and personal coordination mechanisms[J].Organization Science,20(4):812-828.
• Oluwafemi T B,Mitchelmore S,Nikolopoulos K.2020.Leading innovation:Empirical evidence for ambidextrous leadership from UK high-tech SMEs[J].Journal of Business Research,119:195-208.
• Perry J L,Wise L R.1990.The motivational bases of public service[J].Public Administration Review,50(3):367-373.
• Perry J L.1996.Measuring public service motivation:An assessment of construct reliability and validity[J].Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory,6(1):5-22.
• Potipiroon W,Faerman S R.2016.What difference do ethical leaders make?Exploring the mediating role of interpersonal justice and the moderating role of public service motivation[J].International Public Management Journal,19(2):171-207.
• Salge T O,Vera A.2012.Benefiting from public sector innovation:The moderating role of customer and learning orientation[J].Public Administration Review,72(4):550-559.
• Scott S G,Bruce R A.1994.Determinants of innovative behavior:A path model of individual innovation in the workplace[J].Academy of Management Journal,37(3):580-607.
• Sendjaya S,Eva N,Butar I B,et al.2019.SLBS-6:Validation of a short form of the servant leadership behavior scale[J].Journal of Business Ethics,156(4):941-956.
• Shavinina L V.2003.The international handbook on innovation[M].Oxford:Pergamon.
• Skorikov V,Vondracek F W.1998.Vocational identity development:Its relationship to other identity domains and to overall identity development[J].Journal of Career Assessment,6(1):13-35.
• Stride C B,Gardner S,Catley N,et al.(2015-01)[2021-10-12].Mplus code for mediation,moderation,and moderated mediation models[EB/OL].http://www.offbeat.group.shef.ac.uk/FIO/mplusmedmod.htm.
• Tajfel H.1978.Differentiation between social groups:Studies in the social psychology of intergroup relations[M].New York:Academic Press.
• Tajfel H,Turner J C.1979.An integrative theory of intergroup conflict[M]//Austin W G,Worchel S.The Social Psychology of Intergroup Relations.Monterey,CA:Brooks-Cole,33-47.
• Twigger-Ross C,Bonaiuto M,Breakwell G.2003.Identity theories and environmental psychology[M]//Bonnes M,Lee T,Bonaiuto M.Psychological Theories for Environmental Issues.Aldershot:Ashgate Publishing Ltd,203-233.
• van Dierendonck D.2011.Servant leadership:A review and synthesis[J].Journal of Management,37(4):1228-1261.
• Vandenabeele W.2007.Toward a public administration theory of public service motivation:An institutional approach[J].Public Management Review,9(4):545-556.
• Zeng J J,Xu G Y.2020.How servant leadership motivates innovative behavior:A moderated mediation model[J].International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health,17(13):4753.
• Zhu C L,Zhang F L.2020.How does servant leadership fuel employee innovative behavior?Amoderated mediation framework[J].Asia Pacific Journal of Human Resources,58(3):356-377.