财政权力配置与基本公共服务水平——一个制度解释The Allocation of Fiscal Power and the Level of Basic Public Services:An Institutional Explanation
罗美娟,覃小兵
摘要(Abstract):
基本公共服务水平的高低不仅是关系到人民群众切身利益的重要现实问题,更是一个国家治理水平的重要体现。本文基于中国地级市市委书记兼任市人大常委会主任这一制度事实,以279个地级市为研究对象,深入探讨其对地方基本公共服务水平的影响。本研究表明,兼任制度统筹了地方财政的决策权和监督权,会抑制地方基本公共服务的供给,降低地方基本公共服务的水平,尤其是在经济水平较低、财政资源约束较高的地区以及新《预算法》实施之前,影响较为明显。通过进一步分析发现,兼任制度对基本医疗及社会保障服务、基本教育服务和基本设施服务具有显著的抑制性影响,并且对后两者的影响存在滞后效应。本文从制度视角为探讨地方基本公共服务水平差异提供了一个分析框架,丰富了现代国家治理的相关研究。
关键词(KeyWords): 兼任制度;基本公共服务;改进CRITIC赋权法;财政监督
基金项目(Foundation): 云南省教育厅项目“空间异质性下政府非税收入对地方公共物品供给的影响研究”(项目批准号:2022Y075)资助
作者(Author): 罗美娟,覃小兵
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- (1)考虑到国家统计局关于我国经济地带的最新划分标准,将东北三省作为一个独立的经济地带,会使得东北地区兼任制度所涉及的地级市与东中西三大经济地带的数据存在较大差异。参考现有文献,如邓宗兵等(2024)及王欢等(2024)的做法,将我国的经济地带划分为东中西三个区域,其中,东部地区包含北京、天津、河北、辽宁、山东、江苏、上海、浙江、福建、广东及海南11个省市;中部地区包含黑龙江、吉林、山西、安徽、河南、湖北、湖南及江西8个省份;西部地区包含广西、云南、贵州、重庆、四川、西藏、青海、陕西、甘肃、宁夏、内蒙古和新疆12个省市。
- (1)该权重结果是本文基于研究数据计算而来。