地方政府间经济合作到创新合作:自我升级与上级驱动From Economic Cooperation to Innovative Cooperation:Self-Upgrading and Superior Authority
王路昊,林海龙,锁利铭,冯小东
摘要(Abstract):
本文旨在解释如何理解从经济合作到创新合作这一近年来在我国区域一体化中新兴的现象。借助协议数据,以长三角经济区为案例,本文通过QAP方法进行了模型的验证。研究发现,城市政府的自我升级和省政府的上级驱动共同推动了经济合作到创新合作的变迁。具体而言,无论上级政府是否介入,既有的经济合作对于新的创新合作都有着显著的正面影响;而地方政府之间,同性"相吸"和"相斥"共生的现象则反映了自我升级当中的"强强联手"和"向外扩散"这两种基本合作模式;最后上级政府的权威规划则更多反映出了合法性逻辑,而非效率逻辑。本文还指出,创新合作仅仅被视作经济合作的简单升级是存在危险的,政策工具的单一性、上级政府的合法性逻辑以及上级压力下的特殊信任机制等都制约着创新一体化。尽管区域一体化是当今的主流趋势之一,但府际合作不可能也不应该是解决诸多公共问题的"万能药方"。
关键词(KeyWords): 经济合作;创新合作;QAP;同质性;上级驱动
基金项目(Foundation): 国家社科基金项目“'嵌入-变迁'框架下区域协同创新的府际合作治理研究”(16CGL011)
作者(Author): 王路昊,林海龙,锁利铭,冯小东
参考文献(References):
- (1)陈瑞莲:《论区域公共管理研究的缘起与发展》,《政治学研究》2003年第4期;殷存毅:《区域协调发展:一种制度性的分析》,《公共管理评论》2004年第2期;杨爱平:《论区域一体化下的区域间政府合作——动因、模式及展望》,《政治学研究》2007年第3期;谭海波:《市场转型过程中地方政府间关系研究述评》,《公共行政评论》2010年第4期。
- (2)张换兆、霍光峰、刘冠男:《京津冀区域科技创新比较的实证分析》,《科技进步与对策》2011年第2期;锁利铭、张朱峰:《科技创新、府际协议与合作区地方政府间合作——基于成都平原经济区的案例研究》,《上海交通大学学报》(哲学社会科学版)2016年第4期;王路昊:《区域创新中府际合作的多重逻辑——基于成都经济区八市的话语分析》,《上海交通大学学报》(哲学社会科学版)2016年第4期。
- (3)詹·法格博格、戴维·莫利、理查德·纳尔逊:《牛津创新手册》,柳卸林等译,知识产权出版社,2009。
- (4)曹阳:《区域经济发展的差异性与制度发展的非均衡》,《经济学家》2001年第4期;徐康宁、赵波、王绮:《长三角城市群:形成、竞争与合作》,《南京社会科学》2005年第5期;巨拴科:《基于能力结构关系模型的欠发达与发达区域经济合作研究——以安康市—西安市经济合作为例》,《中国软科学》2010年第5期。
- (5)陈剩勇、马斌:《区域间政府合作:区域经济一体化的路径选择》,《政治学研究》2004年第1期;Cuervo-Cazurra A.,and Un C.A.,“Regional Economic Integration and R&D Investment,” Research Policy,2007(2),pp.227-246.
- (1)Chen S.H.,Feiock R.C.,and Hsieh J.Y.,“Regional Partnerships and Metropolitan Economic Development,"Journal of Urban Affairs,2016(2),pp.196-213;Hawkins C.V.,Hu Q.,and Feiock R.C.,"Self-Organizing Governance of Local Economic Development:Informal Policy Networks and Regional Institutions,"Journal of Urban Affairs,2016(5),pp.643-660.
- (2)Hawkins C.V.,and Feiock R.C.,“Joint Ventures,Economic Development Policy,and the Role of Local Governing Institutions,"The American Review of Public Administration,2011(3),pp.329-347;Lee Y.,Lee I.W.,and Feiock R.C.,"Interorganizational Collaboration Networks in Economic Development Policy:An Exponential Random Graph Model Analysis,"Policy Studies Journal,2012(3),pp.547-573;Kwak C.G.,Feiock R.C.,Hawkins C.,and Lee Y.,"Impacts of Federal Stimulus Funding on Economic Development Policy Networks Among Local Governments,"Review of Policy Research,2016(2),pp.140-159.
- (3)Shrestha M.K.,and Feiock R.C.,"Transaction Cost,Exchange Embeddedness,and Interlocal Cooperation in Local Public Goods Supply,"Political Research Quarterlyy 2011(3),pp.573-587;Scott T.A.,and Thomas C.W.,"Unpacking the Collaborative Toolbox:Why and When Do Public Managers Choose Collaborative Governance Strategies?"Policy Studies Journal,2017(1),pp.191-214.
- (4)Lee Y.,Lee I.W.,and Feiock R.C.,"Interorganizational Collaboration Networks in Economic Development Policy:An Exponential Random Graph Model Analysis,"Policy Studies Journal,2012(3),pp.547-573;Robins G.,Doing Social Network Research:Network-Based Research Design for Social Scientists,Los Angeles:Sage,2015.
- (5)Lee Y.,Lee I.W.,and Feiock R.C.,"Interorganizational Collaboration Networks in Economic Development Policy:An Exponential Random Graph Model Analysis,"Policy Studies Journal,2012(3),pp.547-573.
- (6)详细参见《广东省人民政府办公厅关于印发推进珠江三角洲地区科技创新一体化行动计划(2014-2020年)的通知》(粤办函[2014]519号);《长三角城市实施创新驱动推进产学研合作(合肥)宣言》,凤凰网,http://news.ifeng.com/gundong/detail_2013_04/22/24494576_0.shtml,最后访问日期:2019年8月12日。
- (7)詹·法格博格、戴维·莫利、理查德·纳尔逊:《牛津创新手册》,柳卸林等译,知识产权出版社,2009。
- (1)埃弗雷特·罗杰斯:《创新的扩散》,辛欣译,中央编译出版社,2002。
- (2)Asheim B.T.,and Coenen L.,"Contextualising Regional Innovation Systems in a Globalising Learning Economy:On Knowledge Bases and Institutional Frameworks,"Journal of Technology Transfer,2006(1),pp.163-173;程开明:《城市体系中创新扩散的空间特征研究》,《科学学研究》2010年第5期。
- (3)詹·法格博格、戴维·莫利、理查德·纳尔逊:《牛津创新手册》,柳卸林等译,知识产权出版社,2009;王节祥、盛亚、蔡宁:《合作创新中资产专用性与机会主义行为的关系》,《科学学研究》2015年第8期。
- (4)牛德生:《资产专用性理论分析》,《经济经纬》2004年第3期。
- (5)熊彼特:《经济发展理论》,何畏译,商务印书馆,1990。
- (6)Freeman C.,Technology Policy and Economic Performance:Lessons from Japan,London:Pinter,1987;Cooke P.,Uranga M.G.,and Etxebarria G.,"Regional Innovation Systems:Institutional and Organisational Dimensions,"Research Policy,1997(5),pp.475-491.
- (7)Cooke P.,Uranga M.G.,and Etxebarria G.,“Regional Innovation Systems:Institutional and Organisational Dimensions,"Research Policy,1997(5),pp.475-491;Asheim B.T.,and Isaksen A.,"Regional Innovation Systems:The Integration of Local'Sticky'and Global'Ubiquitous'Knowledge,” Journal of Technology Transfer,2002(1),pp.77-86.
- (1)Cooke P.,Uranga M.G.,and Etxebarria G.,"Regional Innovation Systems:Institutional and Organisational Dimensions,"Research Policy,1997,26(4-5),pp.475-491;Asheim B.T.,and Isaksen A.,“Regional Innovation Systems:The Integration of Local'Sticky'and Global'Ubiquitous'Knowledge,"Journal of Technology Transfer,2002(1),pp.77-86.
- (2)Etzkowitz H.,and Leydesdorff L.,"The Dynamics of Innovation:From National Systems and “Mode 2"to a Triple Helix of University-Industry-Government Relations,"Research Policy,2000(2),pp.109-123;Leydesdorff L.,and Meyer M.,“The Triple Helix of University-Industry-Government Relations,"Scientometrics,2003(2),pp.445-467.
- (3)Asheim B.T.,and Coenen L,"Contextualising Regional Innovation Systems in a Globalising Learning Economy:On Knowledge Bases and Institutional Frameworks,"Journal of Technology Transfer,2006(1),pp.163-173.
- (4)萨克森宁:《地区优势:硅谷和128公路地区的文化与竞争》,曹蓬译,上海远东出版社,1999。
- (5)Abramovitz M.,"Catching up,Forging Ahead,and Falling Behind,"Journal of Economic History,1986(46),pp.386-406;Chang H.,Kicking Away the Ladder:Development Strategy in Historical Perspective,London:Anthem Press,2002.
- (6)Wang C.,and Wang L.,"Unfolding Policies for Innovation Intermediaries in China:A Discourse Network Analysis,"Science&Public Policy,2017(3);Motohashi K.,and Yun X.,"China's Innovation System Reform and Growing Industry and Science Linkages,” Research Policy,2007(8),pp.1251-1260;王路昊、王程鞾:《孵化器的概念及其角色演变——基于<人民日报>数据库的扎根理论分析》,《科学学研究》2014年第32期。
- (7)周黎安:《中国地方官员的晋升锦标赛模式研究》,《经济研究》2007年第7期。
- (1)杨瑞龙:《我国制度变迁方式转换的三阶段论——兼论地方政府的制度创新行为》,《经济研究》1998年第1期;渠敬东、周飞舟、应星:《从总体支配到技术治理——基于中国30年改革经验的社会学分析》,《中国社会科学》2009年第6期。
- (2)高新才:《论区域经济合作与区域政策创新》,《学习论坛》2004年第7期;喻锋:《区域协调发展与区域政策创新》,《广东行政学院学报》2010年第1期。
- (3)折晓叶、陈婴婴:《项目制的分级运作机制和治理逻辑——对“项目进村”案例的社会学分析》,《中国社会科学》2011年第4期;周雪光:《运动型治理机制:中国国家治理的制度逻辑再思考》,《开放时代》2012年第9期。
- (4)麻宝斌、李辉:《中国地方政府间合作的动因、策略及其实现》,《行政管理改革》2010年第9期;Mah D.N.,and Hills P.,"Collaborative Governance for Technological Innovation:A Comparative Case Study of Wind Energy in Xinjiang,Shanghai,and Guangdong,"Environment and Planning C:Government and Policy,2014(3),pp.509-529.
- (1)Feiock R.C.,"Rational Choice and Regional Governance,"Journal of Urban Affairs,2007(1),pp.47-63;Andersen O.J.,and Pierre J.,"Exploring the Strategic Region:Rationality,Context,and Institutional Collective Action,"Urban Affairs Review,2010(2),pp.218-240.
- (2)Nelson R.R.,Technical Innovation and National Systems,Oxford:Oxford University Press,1993;Hipp C.,and Grupp H.,"Innovation in the Service Sector:The Demand for Service-Specific Innovation Measurement Concepts and Typologies,"Research Policy,2005(4),pp.517-535;Yang C.,"Government Policy Change and Evolution of Regional Innovation Systems in China;Evidence from Strategic Emerging Industries in Shenzhen,"Environment and Planning C:Government and Policy,2015(3),pp.661-682.
- (3)周黎安:《中国地方官员的晋升锦标赛模式研究》,《经济研究》2007年第7期;郑文强、刘滢:《政府间合作研究的评述》,《公共行政评论》2014年第6期。
- (4)李忠民、李善燊:《区域经济一体化与行政管理体制冲突问题研究——以西咸经济一体化为例》,《中国软科学》2009年第1期。
- (5)Oi J.C.,"Fiscal Reform and The Economic Foundation of Local State Corporatism in China,"World Politics,1992(1),pp.99-126;Oi J.C.,"The Role of the Local State in China's Transitional Economy,"China Qurterly,1995(4),pp.1132-1149;丘海雄、徐建牛:《市场转型过程中地方政府角色研究述评》,《社会学研究》2004年第4期。
- (6)Feiock R.C.,and Lee Y.,"Competitors,Cooperators,and Collaborative Networks:A Quadratic Assignment Procedure(QAP)Analysis of Regional Collaboration in Economic Development,"Public Administration Review,2010(2),pp.253-262;Agranoff R.M.,Mcguire,Collaborative Public Management:New Strategies for Local Goverrnments,Washington,D.C.:Georgetown University Press,2003.
- (1)埃弗雷特·罗杰斯:《创新的扩散》,辛欣译,中央编译出版社,2002;Cooke P.,Uranga M.G.,and Etxebarria G.,“Regional Innovation Systems:Institutional and Organisational Dimensions,"Research Policy,1997(5),pp.475-491.
- (2)邓向荣、刘璇:《京津冀和长三角地区创新极化与扩散效应比较研究》,《中国科技论坛》2007年第11期;Azomahou T.T.,Diene M.,“Polarization Patterns in Economic Development and Innovation,"Structural Change&Economic Dynamics,2012(4),pp.421-436.
- (3)郑文强、刘滢:《政府间合作研究的评述》,《公共行政评论》2014年第6期。
- (4)Miller G.J.,Managerial Dilemmas:The Political Economy of Hierarchy.Cambridge,UK:Cambridge University Press,1992;曾德明、任浩、戴海闻、邹思明:《组织邻近和组织背景对组织合作创新地理距离的影响》,《管理科学》2014年第4期。
- (5)Knoben J.,Oerlemans L.A.G.,"Proximity and Inter-Organizational Collaboration:A Literature Review,"International Journal of Management Reviews,2010(2),pp.71-89;Balland P.A.,Boschma R.,Frenken K.,“Proximity and Innovation:From Statics to Dynamics,” Regional Studies,2014(6),pp.1-14.
- (1)Feiock,R.C.,"Rational Choice and Regional Governance,"Journal of Urban Affairs,2007(1),pp.47-63.
- (2)Boschma R.,“Proximity and Innovation:A Critical Assessment,” Regional Studies 2005(1),pp.61-74;Bruneel J.,Pablo D'Este,Salter A.,"Investigating the factors that Diminish the Barriers to University-industry Collaboration,"Research Policy,2010(7),pp.858-868.
- (3)Pandey,Sanjay K.,LeRoux,Kelly,Brandenburger,and Paul W.,"Interlocal Service Cooperation in US Cities:A Social Network Explanation,"Public Administration Review,2010(2),pp.268-278.
- (4)李伟民、梁玉成:《特殊信任与普遍信任:中国人信任的结构与特征》,《社会学研究》2002年第3期。
- (5)Francis J.K.R.,Malbon K.,Braun-Courville D.,and Linares L.O.“Political Selection in China:The Complementary Roles of Connections and Performance,"Journal of the European Economic Association,2015(4),pp.631-668;Ma L.,Tang H.,and Yan B.,"Public Employees'Perceived Promotion Channels in Local China:Merit-based or Guanxi-orientated?"Australian Journal of Public Administration,2015(3),pp.283-297.
- (6)Feiock R.C.,"The Institutional Collective Action Framework,"Policy Studies Journal,2013(3),pp.397-425;刘祖云:《政府间关系:合作博弈与府际治理》,《学海》2007年第1期。
- (7)郑文强、刘滢:《政府间合作研究的评述》,《公共行政评论》2014年第6期。
- (8)锁利铭、张朱峰:《科技创新、府际协议与合作区地方政府间合作——基于成都平原经济区的案例研究》,《上海交通大学学报》(哲学社会科学版)2016年第4期。
- (1)刘祖云:《政府间关系:合作博弈与府际治理》,《学海》2007年第1期。
- (2)Williamson O.,The Economic Institutions of Capitalism,New York:The Free Press,1985;Gray V.,"Innovation in the States:A Diffusion Study,"American Political Science Association,1973(4),pp.1174-1185;Berry F.S.,"State Lottery Adoptions as Policy Innovations:An Event History Analysis,"American Political Science Association,1990(2),pp.395-415.
- (3)Feiock R.C.,"The Institutional Collective Action Framework,"Policy Studies Journal,2013(3),pp.397-425.
- (4)Milward H.B.,"Governing the Hollow State,"Journal of Public Administration Research&Theory,2000(2),pp.359-379;Meier K.J.,and O'toole L.J.,"Public Management and Organizational Performance:The Effect of Managerial Quality,"Journal of Policy Analysis&Management,2002(4),pp.629-643;Graddy E.A.,and Chen B.,"Influences on the Size and Scope of Networks for Social Service Delivery,"Journal of Australian Studies,2006(4),pp.512-513;Mullin M.,and Daley D.M.,"Working with the State:Exploring Interagency Collaboration within a Federalist System,"Journal of Public Administration Research&Theory,2010(19),pp.757-778.
- (5)Meyer J.W.,and Rowan B.,"Institutionalized Organizations:Formal Structure as Myth and Ceremony,"The American Journal of Sociology,1977(2),pp.340-363;Dimaggio P.J.,and Powell W.W.,"The Iron Cage Revisited:Institutional Isomorphism and Collective Rationality in Organizational Fields,"American Sociological Review,1983(2),pp.147-160;Scott W.R.,Institutions and Organizations:Ideas and Interests,London:SAGE,2008;Lee J.,"Why Have Policies Often Remained Symbolic?Understanding the Reasons for Decoupling between Policy and Practice,"Review of Policy Research,2017(5).
- (6)Dimaggio P.J.,and Powell W.W.,"The Iron Cage Revisited:Institutional Isomorphism and Collective Rationality in Organizational Fields,"American Sociological Review,1983(2),pp.147-160.
- (7)Rosensch?ld J.M.A.,Johan,Rozema J.,and Fryelevine L.A.,"Institutional Inertia and Climate Change:A Review of the New Institutionalist Literature,"Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews Climate Change,2014(5):639-648.
- (1)Roese N.J.,and Olson J.M.,"Counterfactual Thinking:The Intersection of Affect and Function,” Advances in Experimental Social Psychology,1997(29),pp.1-59;Byrne R.M.J.,"Mental Models and Counterfactual Thoughts about What Might Have Been,"Trends in Cognitive Sciences,2002(10),pp.426-431.
- (2)王程鞾:《“大数据”是“大趋势”吗:基于关键词共现方法的反事实分析》,《科学学与科学技术管理》2015年第1期。
- (1)Kurt T.,and Curtis W.,"Interlocal Agreements as Overlapping Social Networks:Picket-Fence Regionalism in Metropolitan Kansas City,"Public Administration Review,2002(5),pp.585-598;Zeemering E.S.,"The Problem of Democratic Anchorage for Interlocal A greements,"The American Review of Public Administration,2012(1),pp.87-103;Zeemering E.,"Assessing Local Elected Officials'Concerns about Interlocal Agreements,"Urban Studies,2016(11),pp.2347-2362.
- (2)Chen Y.C.,and Thurmaier K.,"Interlocal Agreements as Collaborations an Empirical Investigation of Impetuses,Norms,and Success,"American Review of Public Administration,2009(39),pp.536-552.
- (3)Kurt T.,and Curtis W.,"Interlocal Agreements as Overlapping Social Networks:Picket-Fence Regionalism in Metropolitan Kansas City,"Public Administration Review,2002(5),pp.585-598;Andrew S.A.,"Recent Developments in the Study of Interjurisdictional Agreements:An Overview and Assessment,"State&Local Government Review,2009(2),pp.133-142.
- (4)Ostrom E.,Governing the Commons:The Evolution of Institutions for Collective Action,New York:Cambridge University Press,1990;Chen B.,Suo L.,and Ma J.,"Network Approach to Interprovincial Agreements:A Study of Pan Pearl River Delta in China,"State and Local Government Review,2015(3),pp.1-11.
- (1)曹正汉、薛斌锋、周杰:《中国地方分权的政治约束—基于地铁项目审批制度的论证》,《社会学研究》2014年第3期。
- (2)Goldsmith S.,and Eggers W.D.,Governing by Network:The New Shape of the Public Sector,Washington D.C.:Brookings Institution Press,2005;叶林:《找回政府:“后新公共管理”视阈下的区域治理探索》,《学术研究》2012年第5期。
- (1)Lee Y.,Lee I.W.,and Feiock R.C.,"Interorganizational Collaboration Networks in Economic Development Policy:An Exponential Random Graph Model Analysis,"Policy Studies Journal,2012(3),pp.547-573.
- (2)Schilling M.A.,and Phelps C.C.,"Interfirm Collaboration Networks:The Impact of Large-Scale Network Structure on Firm Innovation,” Management Science,2007(7),pp.1113-1 126;向希尧、蔡虹、裴云龙:《跨国专利合作网络中3种接近性的作用》,《管理科学》2010年第5期
- (1)Francis J.K.R.,Malbon K.,Braun-Courville D.,and Linares L.O.,"Political Selection in China:The Complementary Roles of Connections and Performance,"Journal of the European Economic Association,2015(4),pp.631-668.
- (2)Krackardt D.,"QAP Partialling as a Test of Spuriousness,"Social Networks,1987(2),pp.171-186;Krackhardt D.,"Predicting with Networks:Nonparametric Multiple Regression Analysis of Dyadic Data,"Social Networks,1988(4),pp.359-381.
- (1)Dekker D.,Krackhardt D.,and Snijders T.A.B.,“Sensitivity of MRQAP Tests to Collinearity and Autocorrelation Conditions,"Psychometrika,2007(4),pp.563-581;刘军:《QAP:测量“关系”之间关系的一种方法》,《社会》2007年第4期。
- (1)Feiock R.C.,and Lee Y.,“Competitors,Cooperators,and Collaborative Networks:A Quadratic Assignment Procedure(QAP)Analysis of Regional Collaboration in Economic Development,"Public Administration Review,2010(2),pp.253-262.
- (2)陈潭、刘兴云:《锦标赛体制、晋升博弈与地方剧场政治》,《公共管理学报》2011年第2期。
- (3)Yin R.K.,Case Study Research Design and Methods,London:Sage,2013;Wang C.,and Wang L.,"Unfolding Policies for Innovation Intermediaries in China:A Discourse Network Analysis,"Science&Public Policy,2017(3).
- (1)参见《中共南京市委南京市人民政府关于大力实施创新驱动发展战略当好苏南国家自主创新示范区建设排头兵的意见》(宁发委[2015]20号)。
- (2)参见《中共常州市委常州市人民政府关于建设常州苏南国家自主创新示范区的实施意见》(常发[2015]17号)。
- (3)例如,《市科技局周旭东局长带队赴杭州学习考察科技金融工作》,苏州市科学技术局,http://www.szkj.gov.cn/news/20091203/fb00a21 c-1 c8b-43a3-a7ee-8522025d38eb.html,最后访问日期:2019年8月12日。
- (4)例如,《长江经济带五高新区协同发展信息平台开通》,中央人民政府网,http://www.gov.cn/xinwen/2016-10/19/content 5121723.htm,最后访问日期:2019年8月12日。
- (1)王海平:《苏南转型新动力》,载《21世纪经济报道》,同花顺财经,http://news.1Ojqka.com.cn/20111214/c525046646.shtml,最后访问日期:2019年8月12日。
- (2)Feiock R.C.,"The Institutional Collective Action Framework,"Policy Studies Journal,2013(3),pp.397-425;Mullin M.,and Daley D.M.,"Working with the State:Exploring Interagency Collaboration within a Federalist System,"Journal of Public Administration Research&Theory,2010(19),pp.757-778(22);王郅强、王国宏:《地方政府间合作的类型与影响因素述评》,《公共管理评论》2015年第20期。
- (3)例如,《李学勇在苏南国家自主创新示范区建设工作领导小组会议上强调——贯彻“创新要实”要求集成推进示范区建设》,江苏省科学技术厅,http://std.jiangsu.gov.cn/art/2015/4/25/art_15419-2822980.html,最后访问日期:2019年8月12日。
- (4)Pandey,Sanjay K.,LeRoux,Kelly,Brandenburger,and Paul W.,“Interlocal Service Cooperation in US Cities:A Social Network Explanation,"Public Administration Review,2010(2),pp.268-278.
- (5)Francis J.K.R.,Malbon K.,Braun-Courville D.,and Linares L.O.,“Political Selection in China:The Complementary Roles of Connections and Performance,"Journal of the European Economic Association,2015(4),pp.631-668.
- (1)李中、吴诚忠:《苏锡常火炬带建设的实践与探索》,《华东科技管理》1995年第3期。
- (2)沙德春、曾国屏:《超越边界:硅谷园区开放式发展路径分析》,《科技进步与对策》2012年第5期。
- (3)王路昊:《区域创新中府际合作的多重逻辑——基于成都经济区八市的话语分析》,《上海交通大学学报》(哲学社会科学版)2016年第4期。
- (1)Meyer J.W.,and Rowan B.,"Institutionalized Organizations:Formal Structure as Myth and Ceremony,"The American Journal of Sociology,1977(2),pp.340-363;Borum F.,"Means-End Frames and the Politics and Myths of Organizational Fields,"Organization Studies,2004(6),pp.897-921.
- (2)Wang C.,and Wang L.,"Unfolding Policies for Innovation Intermediaries in China:A Discourse Network Analysis,”Science&Public Policy,2017(3);Motohashi K.,and Yun X.,“China's Innovation System Reform and Growing Industry and Science Linkages,” Research Policy,2007(8),pp.1251-1260;王路昊、王程鞾:《孵化器的概念及其角色演变——基于<人民日报>数据库的扎根理论分析》,《科学学研究》2014年第32期。