职场精神力视角下包容性氛围对多样化社区工作者的影响效应:一个跨层有调节的中介模型The Effects of a Climate for Inclusion on Diverse Community Workers from the Perspective of the Workplace Spirituality:A Cross-level Moderated Mediation Model
柯江林,张继争,丁群
摘要(Abstract):
如何在人员构成日益多样化的背景下提高社区工作者工作的幸福感和增强其组织公民行为,是社区服务机构提升基层社会治理能力面临的重要问题。本研究主要基于资源保存理论,从包容性氛围视角探索了该问题。本研究对北京市96个社区服务站的574名社区工作者进行了配对调查。运用跨层结构方程模型统计分析技术,发现社区服务站的包容性氛围对社区工作者的工作幸福感、组织公民行为具有显著正向作用,职场精神力在其关系中起中介作用;个体感知差异在包容性氛围与社区工作者职场精神力的关系以及职场精神力的中介效应中起正向调节作用。研究结果推进了包容性氛围以及职场精神力相关理论,并对多样化的社区工作者队伍管理具有启示作用。
关键词(KeyWords): 包容性氛围;职场精神力;组织公民行为;工作幸福感;个体感知差异
基金项目(Foundation): 国家自然科学基金面上项目“人员多样化场景下公务员主动行为的激发机制研究:包容性氛围视角及其双面效应”(项目批准号:72174027)资助
作者(Author): 柯江林,张继争,丁群
参考文献(References):
- 陈亮,孙谦.2008.主观工作幸福感与周边绩效关系[J].人才开发,(12):12-13.Chen L,Sun Q.2008.The relationship between subjective well-being and contextual performance[J].Talent Exploitation,(12):12-13.(in Chinese)
- 陈晓萍,徐淑英,樊景立.2012.组织与管理研究的实证方法[M].北京:北京大学出版社.Chen X P,Xu S Y,Fan J L.2012.Empirical methods in organization and management research[M].Beijing:Peking University Press.(in Chinese)
- 陈颖媛,邹智敏,潘俊豪.2017.资质过剩感影响组织公民行为的情绪路径[J].心理学报,49(1):72-82.Chen Y Y,Zou Z M,Pan J H.2017.Effects of overqualification on employees' organizational citizenship behavior:From the perspective of emotion[J].Acta Psychologica Sinica,49(1):72-82.(in Chinese)
- 邓渝,范莉莉.2014.多元化氛围和感知差异对员工工作投入与工作倦怠的影响——一项跨层次的研究[J].软科学,28(2):87-90.Deng Y,Fan L L.2014.The impact of perceived dissimilarity and diversity climate on employee job involvement and job burnout—A cross-level research[J].Soft Science,28(2):87-90.(in Chinese)
- 胡重明.2010.激发政府组织中的组织公民行为——试论和谐社会下改进政府组织绩效的对策[J].行政论坛,17(6):34-38.HuC M.2010.Inspiring the organized citizen behavior in government organization[J].Administrative Tribune,17(6):34-38.(in Chinese)
- 黄亮.2013.工作幸福感与员工创新绩效关系研究述评[J].商业时代,(25):104-105.Huang L.2013.The relationship between job well-being and employee innovation performance[J].Commercial Times,(25):104-105.(in Chinese)
- 贾志科,刘玉东.2015.社区工作者队伍结构现状、问题与对策——基于南京市54个社区的实证研究[J].中州学刊,(3):73-77.Jia Z K,Liu Y D.2015.Current situation,problems and countermeasures of community worker team structure:Based on an empirical study of 54 communities in Nanjing[J].Academic Journal of Zhongzhou,(3):73-77.(in Chinese)
- 柯江林,孙健敏,王娟.2014.职场精神力量表的开发及信效度检验[J].中国临床心理学杂志,22(5):826-830.Ke J L,Sun J M,Wang J.2014.Development and validation of the workplace spirituality scale[J].Chinese Journal of Clinical Psychology,22(5):826-830.(in Chinese)
- 柯江林,王娟,范丽群.2015.职场精神力的研究进展与展望[J].华东经济管理,(2):149-157.Ke J L,Wang J,Fan L Q.2015.Research progress and prospects of workplace spirituality[J].East China Economic Management,(2):149-157.(in Chinese)
- 李晓玉,高冬东,高峰.2009.党政干部组织公民行为、离职意向、自我效能感、工作绩效关系[J].中国健康心理学杂志,17(1):85-87.Li X Y,Gao D D,Gao F.2009.Relationship between organizational citizenship behavior,turnover intention,self-efficacy and job performance of party and governmental cadres[J].China Journal of Health Psychology,17(1):85-87.(in Chinese)
- 李贞锐.2020.基层公务员主观幸福感和工作绩效关系探究[J].科技经济导刊,28(10):225.Li Z R.2020.Research on the relationship between subjective well-being and job performance of grassroots civil servants[J].Technology and Economic Guide,28(10):225.(in Chinese)
- 梁彦清.2018.领导——成员交换对工作幸福感的影响机制研究——职场精神力的中介作用[J].经济问题,(9):91-96.Liang Y Q.2018.Research on the impact between leader-member exchange and work well-being:The mediating role of workplace spirituality[J].On Economic Problems,(9):91-96.(in Chinese)
- 汪鸿波,费梅苹.2019.新中国成立70年来我国城市社区工作者形象的变迁与重构——基于上海的历史考察[J].内蒙古社会科学(汉文版),40(5):163-169.Wang H B,Fei M P.2019.The change and reconstruction of the image of urban community workers in China in the 70 Years since the founding of new China[J].Inner Mongolia Social Sciences,40(5):163-169.(in Chinese)
- 吴璐璐,林文都,郑玲.2019.城市社区工作者队伍规范化建设路径探析[J].标准科学,(8):65-68.Wu L L,Lin W D,Zheng L.2019.Analysis of the standardized path of cultivating urban community workers[J].Standard Science,(8):65-68.(in Chinese)
- 许梅枝,张向前.2018.包容型氛围:研究回顾与模型建构[J].中国人力资源开发,35(2):61-71.Xu M Z,Zhang X Q.2018.Inclusive climate:Research review and model construction[J].Human Resources Development of China,35(2):61-71.(in Chinese)
- 邹文篪,刘佳,卜慧美.2015.职场精神力对主观幸福感的影响:情绪劳动为中介变量[J].中国临床心理学杂志,23(3):544-547.Zou W C,Liu J,Bu H M.2015.The impact of workplace spirituality on subjective well-being:The mediating role of emotional labor[J].Chinese Journal of Clinical Psychology,23(3):544-547.(in Chinese)
- Badrinarayanan V,Madhavaram S.2008.Workplace spirituality and the selling organization:A conceptual framework and research propositions[J].Journal of Personal Selling & Sales Management,28(4):421-434.
- Battaglio P.2020.The future of public human resource management[J].Public Personnel Management,49(4):499-502.
- Bienefeld N,Grote G.2014.Speaking up in ad hoc multiteam systems:Individual-level effects of psychological safety,status,and leadership within and across teams[J].European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology,23(6):930-945.
- Brewer G A,Selden S C.1998.Whistle blowers in the federal civil service:New evidence of the public service ethic[J].Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory,8(3):413-440.
- Brimhall K C,Lizano E L,Mor Barak M E.2014.The mediating role of inclusion:A longitudinal study of the effects of leader-member exchange and diversity climate on job satisfaction and intention to leave among child welfare workers[J].Children and Youth Services Review,40:79-88.
- Brimhall K C,Mor Barak M E.2018.The critical role of workplace inclusion in fostering innovation,job satisfaction,and quality of care in a diverse human service organization[J].Human Service Organizations:Management,Leadership & Governance,42(5):474-492.
- Chiu C Y,Yang C F.1987.Chinese subjects' dilemmas:Humility and cognitive laziness as problems in using rating scales[J].Bulletin of the Hong Kong Psychological Society,18(1):39-50.
- D'Arcy J,Herath T,Shoss M K.2014.Understanding employee responses to stressful information security requirements:A coping perspective[J].Journal of Management Information Systems,31(2):285-318.
- Davidson M N,Proudford K L.2008.Cycles of resistance:How dominants and subordinates collude to undermine diversity efforts in organizations[M]//Thomas K M.Diversity Resistance in Organizations.New York,NY:Lawrence Erlbaum,249-272.
- Detert J R,Treviňo L K,Sweitzer V L.2008.Moral disengagement in ethical decision making:A study of antecedents and outcomes[J].Journal of Applied Psychology,93(2):374-391.
- Dohrenwend B S.1978.Social stress and community psychology[J].American Journal of Community Psychology,6(1):1-14.
- Dwertmann D J G,Boehm S A.2016.Status matters:The asymmetric effects of supervisor-subordinate disability incongruence and climate for inclusion[J].Academy of Management Journal,59(1):44-64.
- Eisenberger R,Stinglhamber F,Vandenberghe C.2002.Perceived supervisor support:Contributions to perceived organizational support and employee retention[J].Journal of Applied Psychology,87(3):565-573.
- Fry L W.2003.Toward a theory of spiritual leadership[J].The Leadership Quarterly,14(6):693-727.
- Geh Z Y E.2010.A study of the effects of mediators between spirituality at work and organizational citizenship behaviors[D].Singapore:Singapore Management University.
- Gotsis G,Grimani K.2016.Diversity as an aspect of effective leadership:Integrating and moving forward[J].Leadership & Organization Development Journal,37(2):241-264.
- Harrison D A,Price K H,Gavin J H,et al.2002.Time,teams,and task performance:Changing effects of surface-and deep-level diversity on group functioning[J].Academy of Management Journal,45(5):1029-1045.
- Hobfoll S E.1989.Conservation of resources:A new attempt at conceptualizing stress[J].American Psychologist,44(3):513-524.
- Hobfoll S E.2001.The influence of culture,community,and the nested-self in the stress process:Advancing conservation of resources theory[J].Applied psychology,50(3):337-421.
- Hobfoll S E.2002.Social and psychological resources and adaptation[J].Review of General Psychology,6(4):307-324.
- Hobfoll S E,Halbesleben J,Neveu J P,et al.2018.Conservation of resources in the organizational context:The reality of resources and their consequences[J].Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior,5:103-128.
- Hobman E V,Bordia P,Gallois C.2004.Perceived dissimilarity and work group involvement:The moderating effects of group openness to diversity[J].Group & Organization Management,29(5):560-587.
- Houston D J,Cartwright K E.2007.Spirituality and public service[J].Public Administration Review,67(1):88-102.
- Hui C,Law K S,Chen Z X.1999.A structural equation model of the effects of negative affectivity,leader-member exchange,and perceived job mobility on in-role and extra-role performance:A Chinese case[J].Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes,77(1):3-21.
- Hwang J,Hopkins K.2012.Organizational inclusion,commitment,and turnover among child welfare workers:A multilevel mediation analysis[J].Administration in Social Work,36(1):23-39.
- James L R.1982.Aggregation bias in estimates of perceptual agreement[J].Journal of Applied Psychology,67(2):219-229.
- James L R,Demaree R G,Wolf G.1993.rwg:An assessment of within-group interrater agreement[J].Journal of Applied Psychology,78(2):306-309.
- Jurkiewicz C L,Giacalone R A.2004.A values framework for measuring the impact of workplace spirituality on organizational performance[J].Journal of Business Ethics,49(2):129-142.
- Kacmar K M,Bachrach D G,Harris K J,et al.2012.Exploring the role of supervisor trust in the associations between multiple sources of relationship conflict and organizational citizenship behavior[J].The Leadership Quarterly,23(1):43-54.
- Kale S H,Shrivastava S.2003.The enneagram system for enhancing workplace spirituality[J].Journal of Management Development,22(4):308-328.
- Kamerāde D,Richardson H.2018.Gender segregation,underemployment and subjective well-being in the UK labour market[J].Human Relations,71(2):285-309.
- Kazemipour F,Mohamad Amin S,Pourseidi B.2012.Relationship between workplace spirituality and organizational citizenship behavior among nurses through mediation of affective organizational commitment[J].Journal of Nursing Scholarship,44(3):302-310.
- Luu T.2019.Relationship between benevolent leadership and the well-being among employees with disabilities[J].Journal of Business Research,99:282-294.
- Milliman J,Czaplewski A J,Ferguson J.2003.Workplace spirituality and employee work attitudes:An exploratory empirical assessment[J].Journal of Organizational Change Management,16(4):426-447.
- Milliman J,Ausar K,Bradley-Geist J C.2017.The implications of workplace spirituality for person-environment fit theory[J].Psychology of Religion and Spirituality,9(1):1-12.
- Milliman J,Gatling A,Kim J.2018.The effect of workplace spirituality on hospitality employee engagement,intention to stay,and service delivery[J].Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management,35:56-65.
- Miner M,Bickerton G,Dowson M,et al.2015.Spirituality and work engagement among church leaders[J].Mental Health,Religion & Culture,18(1):57-71.
- Mitroff I I,Denton E A.1999.A study of spirituality in the workplace[J].Sloan Management Review,40(4):83-92.
- Mor Barak E M.1999.Beyond affirmative action:Toward a model of diversity and organizational inclusion[J].Administration in Social Work,23(3/4):47-68.
- Mor-Barak M E,Cherin D A.1998.A tool to expand organizational understanding of workforce diversity:Exploring a measure of inclusion-exclusion[J].Administration in Social Work,22(1):47-64.
- Movassagh M T,Oreizi H R.2014.Multiple relationships between perceived organizational justice and workplace spirituality with organizational citizenship behaviors[J].Journal of Psychology,18(2):176-194.
- Neves P,Eisenberger R.2014.Perceived organizational support and risk taking[J].Journal of Managerial Psychology,29(2):187-205.
- Newman A,Nielsen I,Smyth R,et al.2018.The effects of diversity climate on the work attitudes of refugee employees:The mediating role of psychological capital and moderating role of ethnic identity[J].Journal of Vocational Behavior,105:147-158.
- Nishii L H.2013.The benefits of climate for inclusion for gender-diverse groups[J].Academy of Management Journal,56(6):1754-1774.
- Organ D W.1988.Organizational citizenship behavior:The good soldier syndrome[M].MA:Lexington Books/DC Heath and Com.
- Organ D W.1997.Organizational citizenship behavior:It's construct clean-up time[J].Human Performance,10(2):85-97.
- Panicker A,Agrawal R K,Khandelwal U.2017.Contentious but not optional:Linking inclusive workplace to organizational outcomes[J].Drishtikon:A Management Journal,8(2):14-28.
- Panicker A,Agrawal R K,Khandelwal U.2018.Inclusive workplace and organizational citizenship behavior:Study of a higher education institution,India[J].Equality,Diversity and Inclusion,37(6):530-550.
- Pasca R,Wagner S L.2011.Occupational stress in the multicultural workplace[J].Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health,13(4):697-705.
- Pawar B S.2009.Workplace spirituality facilitation:A comprehensive model[J].Journal of Business Ethics,90(3):375-386.
- Pawar B S.2016.Workplace spirituality and employee well-being:An empirical examination[J].Employee Relations,38(6):975-994.
- Pless N,Maak T.2004.Building an inclusive diversity culture:Principles,processes and practice[J].Journal of Business Ethics,54(2):129-147.
- Podsakoff P M,Organ D W.1986.Self-reports in organizational research:Problems and prospects[J].Journal of Management,12(4):531-544.
- Randel A E.2002.Identity salience:A moderator of the relationship between group gender composition and work group conflict[J].Journal of Organizational Behavior,23(6):749-766.
- Rego A,Cunha M P E.2008.Workplace spirituality and organizational commitment:An empirical study[J].Journal of Organizational Change Management,21(1):53-75.
- Ryff C D,Keyes C L M.1995.The structure of psychological well-being revisited[J].Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,69(4):719-727.
- Schaufeli W B,Van Rhenen W.2006.Over de rol van positieve en negatieve emoties bij het welbevinden van managers:Een studie met de Job-related Affective Well-being Scale (JAWS) [About the role of positive and negative emotions in managers' well-being:A study using the Job-related Affective Well-being Scale (JAWS)][J].Gedrag & Organisatie,19(4):323-344.
- Schneider B,Reichers A E.1983.On the etiology of climates[J].Personnel Psychology,36(1):19-39.
- Shore L M,Randel A E,Chung B G,et al.2011.Inclusion and diversity in work groups:A review and model for future research[J].Journal of Management,37(4):1262-1289.
- Singh T,Mishra S.2017.Socio-economic aspects as a potential moderator on the relationship between workplace spirituality and organizational citizenship behavior[J].Parikalpana:KIIT Journal of Management,13(2):79-96.
- Sliter M,Boyd E,Sinclair R,et al.2014.Inching toward inclusiveness:Diversity climate,interpersonal conflict and well-being in women nurses[J].Sex Roles,71(1/2):43-54.
- Strauss J P,Barrick M R,Connerley M L.2001.An investigation of personality similarity effects (relational and perceived) on peer and supervisor ratings and the role of familiarity and liking[J].Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology,74(5):637-657.
- Tajfel H,Turner J C.1986.The social identity theory of intergroup behavior[M]//Worchel S,Austin W G.Psychology of Intergroup Relations.Chicago,IL:Nelson-Hall,7-24.